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[Chemical Knowledge]：Manufacturing method and process of malic acid

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Malic acid is an important organic acid, which is widely used in food, medicine, chemical industry and other fields. In the field of raw materials for chemical production, the manufacturing methods of malic acid mainly include chemical synthesis and biological fermentation. This article will detail the specific steps, advantages and disadvantages and scope of application of these two manufacturing methods.

1. chemical synthesis method

1. lime method

lime method is a commonly used malic acid manufacturing method, the principle is to use the reaction of lime milk and sulfuric acid to generate calcium sulfate and calcium hydrogen sulfate, and then add sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate to generate malic acid. The specific steps are as follows:

(1) lime milk is added to sulfuric acid, the pH value is controlled between 2.5 and 3.5, and the reaction generates calcium sulfate and calcium hydrogen sulfate.

(2) Sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate is added to the reaction solution and reacted with calcium hydrogen sulfate to produce malic acid and sodium sulfate.

(3) Pure malic acid is obtained by centrifugation, crystallization and the like.

The advantages of this method are simple process and low cost, but the disadvantage is that a large amount of waste residue and waste water will be produced, which will cause pollution to the environment. Therefore, this method is gradually reduced in actual production.

2. allyl alcohol method

allyl alcohol method is a more advanced malic acid manufacturing method, the principle is the use of allyl alcohol and carbon monoxide, water and oxygen gas phase oxidation reaction, generating malic acid. The specific steps are as follows:

(1) Allyl alcohol, carbon monoxide, water and oxygen are mixed and introduced into a reactor for gas phase oxidation reaction. The reaction product of

(2) is subjected to the steps of cooling, absorption and centrifugal separation to obtain a malic acid solution.

(3) Pure malic acid is obtained by crystallization, drying and the like.

The advantages of this method are high yield, good product quality, and no large amount of waste residue and waste water. However, this method requires the use of a noble metal catalyst, which is costly.

2. biological fermentation

biological fermentation is a method of producing malic acid by microbial fermentation. The specific steps are as follows:

(1) Nutrients such as glucose and corn steep liquor are added into a fermenter, and a malic acid producing strain is inoculated.

(2) Under the conditions of suitable temperature, pH and aeration, the strain was fermented to produce malic acid.

(3) A malic acid solution is obtained by centrifugation, filtration and the like.

(4) Pure malic acid is obtained by crystallization, drying and the like.

The advantage of this method is that the production process is more environmentally friendly and does not produce a large amount of waste residue and waste water. At the same time, the biological fermentation method can use waste and agricultural and sideline products as raw materials to reduce production costs. However, the production cycle of this method is long, and the fermentation conditions need to be controlled to improve the yield and purity of malic acid.

In summary, chemical synthesis and biological fermentation methods have their own advantages and disadvantages and scope of application. In actual production, appropriate manufacturing methods should be selected according to specific conditions to increase the output and quality of malic acid, reduce production costs, and protect the environment and human health.

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