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Ethanol (Ethanol)

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Ethanol

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Absolute alcohol
alcohol
cologne spirit
drinking alcohol
ethylic alcohol
EtOH
Ethyl alcohol
Ethyl hydrate
Ethyl hydroxide
ethylol
grain alcohol
hydroxyethane
methylcarbinol

+Expand -Stow

64-17-5

C2H6O

46.069

2207200010

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Chinese

English

Nature Description

Colorless and transparent; Flammable highly volatile liquid. It has the smell of wine and pungent and spicy flavor. Soluble in water, methanol, ether and chloroform. It can dissolve many organic compounds and several inorganic compounds. It has hygroscopicity. It can form an azeotropic mixture with water. Vapor and air form explosive mixture, explosion limit 4.3-19.0 (volume). Absolute ethanol relative density 0.7893(20/4℃), melting point-117.3 ℃, boiling point ℃, refractive index 1.3614, Flash Point (closed cup) 14℃. Industrial ethanol (containing ethanol 95) refractive index 1.3651, surface tension (20℃)22.8mN/m, viscosity (20℃)1.41mPa · s, vapor pressure (20℃) 5.7kpa, specific heat capacity (23℃)2.58J/

0.789

78C

-114C

12C

MISCIBLE

1.3614

MISCIBLE

Product Applications

Used as basic organic chemical raw material, also used as organic solvent, potable spirit, food industry; Commonly used as analytical reagent, also used in pharmaceutical industry; Used as potable spirit, used in food industry; it is one of the important basic chemical raw materials and is widely used in organic synthesis, medicine, pesticide and other industries. It is also..

Production method

Before the 1930 s, fermentation was the only industrial production method of ethanol. With the rapid development of petrochemical industry, the yield of synthetic ethanol is increasing. However, the heterogeneous high carbon alcohol mixed in synthetic ethanol is not suitable for drinks, food, medicine, spices and so on due to the paralysis of human advanced nerve center. Therefore, even in developed petrochemical countries, ethanol fermentation still occupies a certain proportion. 1. By fermentation, the starch-rich agricultural products, such as cereals, potatoes, or wild plant fruits, are washed and crushed, then cooked under pressure to gelatinize the starch, and then some water is added, cool to about 60℃ and add amylase to hydrolyze starch to malt sugar and glucose in turn. Then, enzyme mother bacteria are added for fermentation to produce ethanol. 2. Water treatment uses ethylene and water as raw materials and is prepared by addition reaction. Water legal can be divided into Indirect hydration method and direct water legal method. Indirect Water method is also called sulfate method, and the reaction is carried out in two steps. Firstly, the sulfuric acid of 95-98 and ethylene of 50-60 are absorbed and reacted in Tower reactor according to 2:1 (weight ratio), and the sulfuric acid ester is generated under the condition of 60-80 ℃;0.78-1.96MPA. The second step is to hydrolyze the sulfate in the hydrolysis Tower at 80-100 °c; Under the pressure of 0.2-0.29MPa to obtain ethanol, and at the same time generate the by-product ether. The ENE directly reacts with water to generate ethanol. Direct water legal means one step. It is prepared by high temperature pressure hydration of ethylene and water in the presence of phosphoric acid catalyst. The process of this method is simple; It is less corrosive, does not need special steel, and has less by-product ether, but requires high purity of ethylene and high power consumption. No matter by fermentation or ethylene water method, the produced ethanol is usually an azeotrope of ethanol and water, that is, industrial ethanol with a concentration of 95. To obtain absolute ethanol, further dehydration can be carried out by the following methods. (1) treat industrial ethanol with quicklime to convert water into calcium hydroxide, then steam out ethanol and dry it with sodium metal; This is the oldest method. (2) azeotropic distillation dehydration is a commonly used method in industry at present. (3) dehydration with ion exchanger or molecular sieve, and then rectification.