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[Chemical Knowledge]：Ethanol production and manufacturing methods and processes.

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Ethanol Manufacturing Method

Ethanol, also known as alcohol, is an important chemical widely used in the chemical industry, medicine, energy and many other fields. Ethanol is produced by a variety of methods, including fermentation and synthesis. This article will detail the two methods and their specific steps, advantages and disadvantages.

1. fermentation

fermentation is the most commonly used method for the production of ethanol, mainly using microorganisms to ferment sugar-containing substances to convert sugars into ethanol and carbon dioxide.

specific steps:

1. preparation of raw materials: fermentation method of the main raw materials are sugary substances, such as grains, potatoes, molasses and other waste.
2. Saccharification: The starch in the raw material is converted into fermentable sugars by the action of enzymes.
3. Fermentation: Under the action of yeast, fermentable sugars are converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide.
4. Distillation: Ethanol is separated from the fermentation broth by distillation to obtain ethanol with higher purity.

advantages: rich source of raw materials, low cost, mature technology.

disadvantages: long production cycle, the need for large-scale equipment, and the waste liquid generated is difficult to deal.

2. synthesis

synthesis is a method of converting raw materials into ethanol through chemical reactions, mainly including ethylene hydration and ethyl acetate hydrogenation.

1. ethylene hydration method

specific steps:

(1) ethylene and water in the role of the catalyst under the addition reaction, generating ethanol.
(2) Ethanol is separated from the reaction liquid by distillation to obtain ethanol of high purity.

advantages: short production cycle, high production efficiency.

disadvantages: the price of raw material ethylene is higher, and the cost of catalyst is also higher.

2. Ethyl acetate hydrogenation method

specific steps:

(1) Ethyl acetate is hydrogenated under the action of hydrogen to generate ethanol.
(2) Ethanol is separated from the reaction liquid by distillation to obtain ethanol of high purity.

advantages: the source of raw material ethyl acetate is rich and the cost is low.

disadvantages: high-pressure hydrogen is required, equipment investment is large, and catalyst activity will decrease with time.

In general, fermentation and synthesis methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. The choice of which method depends mainly on factors such as raw material sources, production costs and equipment conditions. In the actual production process, the appropriate manufacturing method can be selected according to the specific situation.

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