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[Chemical Knowledge]：Production and manufacturing method and process flow of o-chlorophenol

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The manufacturing method
of o-chlorophenol
1. Introduction

o-chlorophenol is an important organic chemical raw material, widely used in pesticides, pharmaceuticals, dyes and other fields. With the development of science and technology, the manufacturing method of o-chlorophenol is constantly improved and optimized. This article will introduce several common o-chlorophenol manufacturing methods, and analyze their advantages and disadvantages.

2. the properties and uses of o-chlorophenol

o-chlorophenol is a colorless or yellowish crystalline solid with a pungent odor. It is insoluble in water, but soluble in alcohol, ether and other organic solvents. Ortho-chlorophenol is highly toxic and corrosive and needs to be stored and used properly.

o-chlorophenol is widely used in pesticide, medicine, dyestuff and other fields. It can be used as a raw material for fungicides, herbicides, pesticides, etc., and can also be used to produce antioxidants, spices, plastic additives, etc.

3. o-chlorophenol manufacturing method

1. chlorobenzene
chlorobenzene method is one of the main methods for the production of o-chlorophenol. The method uses chlorobenzene as raw material to produce o-chlorophenol through chlorination, hydrolysis, acidification and other steps. The specific steps are as follows:
chlorination (1) chlorination: chlorobenzene and chlorine gas are chlorinated in the presence of a catalyst to generate a mixture of dichlorobenzene and trichlorobenzene.
(2) Hydrolysis: The chlorinated product is mixed with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and heated to reflux to hydrolyze dichlorobenzene and trichlorobenzene to generate o-chlorophenol sodium salt.
(3) Acidification: o-chlorophenol sodium salt was acidified with sulfuric acid to obtain crude o-chlorophenol.
(4) Purification: The crude product is subjected to distillation, crystallization and other treatments to obtain pure o-chlorophenol. The advantages of

chlorobenzene method are easy to obtain raw materials, mature production process and good product quality. However, a large amount of waste water and waste gas will be produced in the production process of this method, which will cause great pollution to the environment.

2. phenol method
phenol method is a method of producing o-chlorophenol by chlorination reaction of phenol as raw material. The specific steps are as follows:
(1) Chlorination: a chlorination reaction of phenol and chlorine gas is carried out in the presence of a catalyst to generate a mixture of o-chlorophenol and p-chlorophenol.
(2) Separation: o-chlorophenol and p-chlorophenol are separated by distillation or the like.
(3) Purification: o-chlorophenol is subjected to distillation, crystallization and other treatments to obtain a pure product. The advantages of

phenol method are easy to obtain raw materials, mild reaction conditions and simple operation. However, the product obtained by this method is a mixture of o-chlorophenol and p-chlorophenol, which needs to be separated and refined, and the production cost is relatively high.

3. Nitrobenzene
Nitrobenzene method is a method of producing o-chlorophenol from nitrobenzene as raw material through reduction, chlorination and other steps. The specific steps are as follows:
(1) Reduction: Nitrobenzene is reduced to aniline.
(2) chlorination: aniline and chlorine gas are chlorinated in the presence of a catalyst to produce o-chloroaniline.
(3) hydrolysis: o-chlorophenol is generated by hydrolysis of o-chloroaniline. The advantages of

nitrobenzene method are easy to obtain raw materials, mild reaction conditions and good product quality. However, a large amount of waste water and waste gas will be produced in the production process of this method, which will cause great pollution to the environment.

4. Conclusion There are many manufacturing methods for

o-chlorophenol, and each method has its advantages, disadvantages and scope of application. In actual production, the appropriate manufacturing method should be selected according to the specific situation, and the optimization and improvement of the production process should be strengthened to improve product quality and reduce production costs. At the same time, the treatment and comprehensive utilization of waste should be strengthened to reduce environmental pollution.

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