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[Chemical Knowledge]：Production and manufacturing method and process flow of p-nitrophenol

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The manufacturing method
of p-nitrophenol
1. Introduction

p-nitrophenol is an important organic chemical raw material, widely used in medicine, pesticides, dyes and other fields. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study the manufacturing method of p-nitrophenol. This paper will introduce the preparation method of p-nitrophenol by hydrolysis reaction with p-nitrochlorobenzene as raw material.

2. experimental principle

p-nitrochlorobenzene hydrolysis reaction in aqueous solution to generate p-nitrophenol and hydrogen chloride. The reaction belongs to the substitution reaction, and the reaction equation is as follows:

C6H4(NO2)Cl H2O → C6H4(NO2)OH HCl

3. Experimental materials and equipment

1. Experimental materials: p-nitrochlorobenzene, sodium hydroxide, water
2. Experimental equipment: four-necked flask, reflux condenser, thermometer, stirrer, dropping funnel, separating funnel, pH test paper
,
4. experimental steps

1. Add a certain amount of p-nitrochlorobenzene and water into the four-necked flask and stir evenly.
2. Add the calculated amount of sodium hydroxide solution into the dropping funnel and slowly drop into the four-necked flask to control the reaction temperature within a certain range.
3. After the dropwise addition is completed, continue stirring for a certain period of time to allow the reaction to proceed fully.
4. Use pH test paper to detect the pH value of the reaction solution. When the pH value reaches a certain value, stop stirring and stand for stratification.
5. The lower liquid is separated and washed with water until neutral to give the crude p-nitrophenol.
6. The crude product was purified by recrystallization to obtain pure p-nitrophenol.

5. Experimental results and discussion

1. Experimental results: through the hydrolysis reaction, the successful preparation of p-nitrophenol, high yield.
2. Experimental discussion:
(1) The control of reaction temperature has a great influence on the reaction rate and product purity, and the appropriate temperature range should be selected according to the actual situation.
(2) The dosage and dropping rate of sodium hydroxide will also affect the reaction and the purity of the product, and experimental optimization is needed.
(3) Recrystallization purification is an important guarantee for the purity of p-nitrophenol, and appropriate solvent and crystallization conditions need to be selected.

6. experiment summary

through the hydrolysis reaction of nitrochlorobenzene, the successful preparation of nitrophenol, the experimental results show that the method is feasible. In the actual production process, it is necessary to optimize the experimental conditions according to the specific situation to improve the purity and yield of the product. At the same time, it is necessary to pay attention to the safety issues in the experiment process to ensure the smooth progress of the experiment.

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