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[Chemical Knowledge]：Production and manufacturing method and process flow of catechol

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The manufacturing method
of catechol
catechol, also known as 1,2-benzenediol or catechol, is an important organic chemical raw material, widely used in medicine, pesticides, dyes, antioxidants and other fields. This article will introduce the manufacturing methods of catechol, including chemical synthesis and biological methods.

1. Chemical Synthesis

1. Phenol Method
Phenol method is the main production method of catechol, using phenol as raw material, after alkali fusion, acidification, crystallization and other steps to produce catechol. The specific steps are as follows:

(1) Phenol and sodium hydroxide are mixed according to a certain proportion, heated and melted to generate sodium phenolate.

(2) Sodium phenolate is acidified with dilute sulfuric acid to produce catechol and sodium sulfate. The reaction solution was cooled and crystallized

(3), filtered, and dried to obtain a catechol product.

2. Sulfonation
The sulfonation method is based on benzene as raw material, after sulfonation, alkali fusion, acidification and other steps to produce catechol. The specific steps are as follows:

(1) Benzene is mixed with concentrated sulfuric acid, heated and sulfonated to generate benzenesulfonic acid.

(2) Benzenesulfonic acid reacts with sodium hydroxide to produce sodium benzenesulfonate.

(3) sodium benzenesulfonate is alkali fused at high temperature to produce sodium catechol and by-products.

(4) Catechol sodium is acidified with dilute sulfuric acid to give catechol.

2. biological method

biological method is the use of microorganisms or enzymes to catalyze phenol or its derivatives to produce catechol. Compared with the chemical synthesis method, the biological method has the advantages of mild conditions, high selectivity and environmental friendliness.

1. Microbiological method
The microbial method is a method for producing catechol by fermentation engineering using a microorganism capable of degrading phenol or its derivatives. Commonly used microorganisms are Pseudomonas, alcaligenes, Rhodomonas and so on. These microorganisms can use phenol or its derivatives as the only carbon and energy sources, and produce catechol through metabolic pathways.

2. Enzymatic
Enzymatic method is a method for producing catechol by using specific enzymes to catalyze phenol or its derivatives. Commonly used enzymes are phenol oxidase, catechol oxidase, etc. These enzymes are capable of catalyzing the oxidation of phenol or its derivatives to produce catechol and hydrogen ions.

or more methods for producing catechol include chemical synthesis and biological methods. Different methods have different advantages and disadvantages and scope of application, according to the actual situation to choose the appropriate method.

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