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[Chemical Knowledge]：Properties and uses of p-hydroxybenzoic acid

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p-Hydroxybenzoic acid (also known as 4-hydroxybenzoic acid or p-hydroxybenzoic acid) is a very important organic compound in the field of chemical production raw materials. This compound is widely found in nature, for example, it can be found in many plants and animals. Para-hydroxybenzoic acid has many unique chemical and physical properties, and has a wide range of uses in many fields.

1. The properties of p-hydroxybenzoic acid

1. Physical properties: p-hydroxybenzoic acid is a white crystalline solid with good thermal stability, melting point between 213-216 ℃, insoluble in water, but soluble in ethanol, ether and other organic solvents.
2. Chemical properties: The chemical properties of p-hydroxybenzoic acid are active, especially its phenolic hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, so that it can undergo a variety of chemical reactions, such as esterification, acylation, halogenation, oxidation, etc. In addition, p-hydroxybenzoic acid has weak acidity and can be used as an acid-base indicator.

2. of the use of

1. food additives: p-hydroxybenzoic acid and its salts are commonly used food additives, mainly used as preservatives. They can effectively extend the shelf life of food and prevent food from spoiling due to the growth of microorganisms.
2. Pharmaceutical intermediates: p-hydroxybenzoic acid is often used as an intermediate in the pharmaceutical industry for the synthesis of various drugs, such as anti-inflammatory drugs, antibacterial drugs, etc.
3. Cosmetic raw materials: p-hydroxybenzoic acid and its esters are also commonly used in cosmetics as preservatives to protect products from microbial contamination.
4. Other applications: In addition to the above main areas, p-hydroxybenzoic acid is also widely used in dyes, fragrances, plastics and other industries.

In general, p-hydroxybenzoic acid is an important chemical raw material, and its wide range of uses makes it an indispensable position in chemical production. However, although it has a great contribution to human life, we still need to pay attention to its safety when using it, ensure that it is used under suitable conditions, and avoid adverse effects on the human body and the environment.

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