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[Chemical Knowledge]：Properties and uses of picric acid

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Picric acid, also known as trinitrophenol or TNP, is a yellow crystalline substance with a strongly bitter taste. It is an important raw material for chemical production and is widely used in military, medicine, dyes and other industrial fields. This article will detail the properties and uses of picric acid.

1. picric acid properties

1. physical properties
picric acid is a yellow crystal with a high melting point (about 122-123 ℃) and density (about 1.76g/cm³). It is insoluble in water, but soluble in ethanol, ether, acetone and other organic solvents. Picric acid has a strong bitter taste, hence the name.

2. chemical properties
picric acid is a strong oxidant with high chemical stability. It is prone to nitrification under acidic conditions to generate nitro compounds. In addition, picric acid is also flammable, in case of open flame, high heat or oxidant contact, there is a risk of combustion and explosion.

2. the use of picric acid

1. military use
picric acid was first used to make explosives. When mixed with sulfuric acid and nitric acid, it can be made into a high explosive called "TNT. Picric acid is also used in the production of mines, grenades and other military weapons.

2. medical use
picric acid has a certain bactericidal effect, is used to treat certain skin diseases and infectious diseases. In addition, it can also be used as a hemostatic agent because of its coagulation effect on blood.

3. Dye industry
Picric acid can be used to make some yellow dyes, such as direct yellow R, acid yellow G, etc. These dyes are widely used in textile, printing and dyeing industries.

4. Other industrial uses
picric acid can also be used in the manufacture of plastics, synthetic fibers and other chemical products. In addition, it can also be used as an analytical reagent for the determination of metal ions and organic compounds.

In short, picric acid as an important chemical production raw materials, in the military, medicine, dyes and other industrial fields have a wide range of applications. However, in the process of using picric acid, it is necessary to pay attention to its safety and environmental protection to avoid harm to the human body and the environment.

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