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[Chemical Knowledge]：Chemical difference between n-butanol and isobutanol

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Butanol and isobutanol are two common alcohol compounds, which have some differences in structure, so there are some differences in chemical methods.

1. structural differences

The chemical formula of n-butanol is C4H10O, which is a saturated alcohol. The carbon atom in the molecule is directly connected to the hydroxyl group, and the structure is simple and clear. The chemical formula of isobutanol is also C4H10O, but it is an unsaturated alcohol, and there is a methyl branch between the carbon atom and the hydroxyl group in the molecule, which makes its structure more complicated.

2. preparation methods

1. the preparation methods of n-butanol are mainly the following:
(1) by acetic acid alkali hydrolysis reaction preparation: acetic acid with sodium hydroxide in solution reaction, and then distillation, n-butanol.
(2) is prepared by the reaction of acetylene and hydrogen: acetylene and hydrogen are hydrogenated by the action of a catalyst to obtain n-butanol.

2. The preparation methods of isobutanol mainly include the following:
(1) Preparation by the reaction of ethylene and carbon monoxide: Ethylene and carbon monoxide are methylated under the action of a catalyst to obtain isobutanol.
(2) Preparation by Reaction of Isobutylene with Water: Isobutylene is subjected to an addition reaction with water to obtain isobutanol.

3. physicochemical property difference

1. boiling point difference: the boiling point of n-butanol is 117.7°C, while the boiling point of isobutanol is 107.9°C. This is because the molecular structure of isobutanol is more complex than that of n-butanol, and the interaction force between molecules is stronger, so that its boiling point is lower.

2. Solubility difference: n-butanol and isobutanol can be dissolved in water and organic solvents, but there are differences in solubility. The solubility of n-butanol is slightly greater than that of isobutanol, which is due to the simplicity of the molecular structure of n-butanol and the weak interaction force between molecules.

4. application field different

n-butanol and isobutanol in the application field is also different:
n-butanol is commonly used as a solvent, manufacturing materials and chemical intermediates, widely used in daily life and industrial production.
Isobutanol is mainly used in the production of chemical raw materials and pharmaceuticals, and also has certain industrial application value.

In summary, there are some differences between n-butanol and isobutanol in chemical methods, including structural differences, preparation methods, differences in physical and chemical properties and differences in application fields. Understanding these differences will help us to better understand and apply these two alcohols.