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[Chemical Knowledge]：The difference between benzene and furan, understand the characteristics of these two compounds

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Benzene and furan are two common substances in organic compounds. They have obvious differences in chemical structure, properties and applications. We will introduce them in detail below.

from the chemical structure, the benzene molecule consists of six carbon atoms composed of aromatic hydrocarbon ring, molecular formula C6H6. Each carbon atom on the benzene ring shares a σ bond with two adjacent carbon atoms, and the electrons on the remaining p orbital form π bonds with atoms on the other benzene rings, forming a conjugated π electron system. This special conjugated structure makes the benzene molecule aromatic. The furan molecule consists of a five-membered oxygen-containing heterocyclic ring with the formula C4H4O. The oxygen atom in the furan ring forms a covalent bond with an adjacent carbon atom. Furan molecules also have some conjugation, but poor compared with benzene.

from the nature of the point of view, benzene is a colorless, with a special aromatic smell of liquid. It is insoluble in water but soluble in most organic solvents. Benzene is a very stable compound and does not react easily. Benzene is an important raw material for many organic compounds and is widely used in the pharmaceutical, synthetic resin and dye industries. Benzene can also be used as a solvent and fuel. Furan is a colorless liquid with an ether-like odor. Furan is a polar solvent with good solubility, which can dissolve many organic substances, but is insoluble in water. Furan has good stability, under certain conditions can occur contraction ring reaction. Furan is widely used in organic synthesis and pharmaceutical industry, and can be used as extractant, solvent and reaction medium.

in terms of application, benzene has a wide range of applications in the fields of medicine, chemical industry and materials. Benzene and its derivatives are widely present in many products in daily life, such as plastics, rubber, detergents, perfumes and dyes. Benzene is also an important raw material for the production of drugs, and the synthesis of many drugs is inseparable from the benzene ring structure. Furan is widely used in pesticides, dyes, spices and other fields. Furan is also a common organic synthesis reagent, which can be used as an intermediate of some important compounds.

To sum up, benzene and furan are two common organic compounds, which have obvious differences in chemical structure, properties and applications. Benzene has aromaticity and high stability, and is widely used in the fields of medicine and chemical industry, while furan has good solubility and stability, and is widely used in the fields of pesticides and dyes. For professionals in the field of chemistry and chemical engineering and readers interested in organic compounds, it is very interesting to understand the characteristics of benzene and furan. It is hoped that this paper will give readers a more comprehensive understanding of benzene and furan.

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