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[Chemical Knowledge]：The difference between benzene and ethylbenzene and how to distinguish

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Benzene and ethylbenzene are common organic compounds in chemical experiments and industrial production. Although they have similarities in chemical structure, they have obvious differences in properties and applications, so they can be distinguished by some methods.

us to understand the chemical structure and characteristics of benzene and ethylbenzene. The chemical formula of benzene is C6H6, which is a six-membered cyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with colorless and odorless liquid, volatile and burning characteristics. The chemical formula of ethylbenzene is C8H10, which is a compound substituted with a methyl group on the benzene ring. It is also a colorless and odorless liquid with similar properties to benzene.

In appearance, benzene and ethylbenzene cannot be directly distinguished by the naked eye because they are very similar in color and appearance. But their smell is different, benzene taste more stimulating, ethylbenzene taste more spicy.

In addition, benzene and ethylbenzene differ in solubility. Benzene is a polar solvent that can dissolve many organic and inorganic substances, such as aliphatic hydrocarbons, alcohols and ketones. Ethylbenzene is a non-polar solvent, poor solubility, generally can only dissolve non-polar substances, such as aliphatic compounds and aromatic compounds.

can furthermore be distinguished by measuring their density. Benzene has a density of 0.88g/cm³, while ethylbenzene has a density of 0.87g/cm³. By measuring the density of the liquid, it can be judged whether it is benzene or ethylbenzene.

in the laboratory, but also through a number of chemical reagents to identify benzene and ethylbenzene. For example, adding bromine water to the solution to be identified, benzene will undergo an addition reaction to generate bromobenzene, and the color of the solution will gradually become darker; while ethylbenzene will not undergo this reaction. In addition, a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid can be added to the solution to be tested. Benzene will produce white crystals, while ethylbenzene will not have this phenomenon.

concluded that benzene and ethylbenzene have obvious differences in chemical structure, properties and uses, which can be distinguished by odor, solubility, density and the reaction of some chemical reagents. In practical applications, the correct identification of benzene and ethylbenzene is very important for industrial production and laboratory research, so as to ensure that the correct substances are used to avoid misleading and dangerous. I hope this article can help you have a clearer understanding of the difference between benzene and ethylbenzene.

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