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[Chemical Knowledge]：Manufacturing method and process of 1,4-butanediol

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1,4-Butanediol (BDO) is an important organic chemical raw material, which is widely used in plastics, fibers, adhesives, pharmaceuticals and other fields. The manufacturing method mainly includes acetylene method, maleic anhydride method, butadiene method, propylene method, etc. This article will detail these manufacturing methods and their advantages and disadvantages.

1. acetylene method

acetylene method is acetylene and formaldehyde as raw materials, after addition, hydrolysis, hydrogenation and other reactions to prepare 1,4-butanediol method. This method has the advantages of easy availability of raw materials and simple process, but a large amount of waste water and waste gas will be produced in the production process, and the environmental protection pressure is high.

specific steps are as follows:

1. Acetylene and formaldehyde are added to generate 1,4-butynediol under the action of a catalyst.
2. The hydrolysis of 1,4-butynediol in acidic hydrolysate produces 1,4-butenedioic acid.
3. The hydrogenation of 1,4-butenedioic acid in the presence of a catalyst produces 1,4-butanediol.

2. maleic anhydride method

maleic anhydride method is based on maleic anhydride as raw material, after hydrogenation, hydrolysis and other reactions to prepare 1,4-butanediol method. This method has the advantages of easy access to raw materials and high yield, but a large amount of hydrogen is needed in the production process, and the energy consumption is high.

specific steps are as follows:

1. Maleic anhydride is hydrogenated under the action of a catalyst to generate 1,4-butanediol and maleic acid.
2. Maleic acid is hydrolyzed in alkaline hydrolysis solution to generate 1,4-butanediol.

3. butadiene method

butadiene method is based on butadiene as raw material, through oxidation, hydrolysis, hydrogenation and other reactions to prepare 1,4-butanediol method. This method has the advantages of easy access to raw materials and mild reaction conditions, but a large number of oxidants and catalysts need to be used in the production process, and the cost is high.

specific steps are as follows:

1. butadiene is oxidized under the action of a catalyst to generate 1,4-dihydroxy -2-butanone.
2. The hydrolysis of 1,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone in acidic hydrolysate produces 1,4-butanediol and acetone.
3. Acetone is hydrogenated under the action of a catalyst to generate isopropanol, isopropanol is oxidized again to generate acetone, and acetone is recycled after being separated from 1,4-butanediol.

4. propylene method

propylene method is based on propylene, carbon monoxide and water as raw materials, through the carbonyl synthesis, hydrogenation, hydrolysis and other reactions to produce 1,4-butanediol method. This method has the advantages of easy access to raw materials and high yield, but the production process requires the use of a large number of catalysts and high temperature and high pressure conditions, equipment investment is large. The specific steps of

are as follows:

1. Oxo synthesis reaction of propylene and carbon monoxide under the action of catalyst generates n-butyraldehyde and isobutyraldehyde.
2. n-Butyraldehyde and isobutyraldehyde are hydrogenated in the presence of a catalyst to produce n-butanol and isobutanol.
3. n-Butanol and isobutanol are hydrolyzed in acidic hydrolysate to generate 1,4-butanediol.

In summary, the above four methods can be used to manufacture 1,4-butanediol, and each method has its advantages and disadvantages. In actual production, the appropriate manufacturing method should be selected according to the source of raw materials, production costs, environmental protection requirements and other factors.

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