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[Chemical Knowledge]：Manufacturing method and process of sodium hydroxide

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The manufacturing method
of sodium hydroxide
sodium hydroxide, also known as caustic soda or caustic soda, is an inorganic compound with strong alkalinity. It has a wide range of applications in the field of chemical production raw materials, so it is particularly important to understand its manufacturing methods. This article will introduce the manufacturing method of sodium hydroxide in detail.

1. diaphragm method

diaphragm method is the main method of sodium hydroxide production, its output accounts for more than 90% of the total output of sodium hydroxide. The main principle of this method is the electrolysis of salt solution to generate sodium hydroxide, hydrogen and chlorine. The diaphragm electrolyzer is mainly composed of anode, cathode and diaphragm. The diaphragm can prevent the explosion of hydrogen and chlorine gas mixture. In the process of electrolysis, sodium chloride in the salt solution loses electrons at the anode to generate chlorine, hydrogen ions in the water get electrons at the cathode to generate hydrogen, and the remaining hydroxide ions combine with sodium ions to generate sodium hydroxide.

2. Ion Membrane Process
The
membrane process is another method of manufacturing sodium hydroxide. Different from the membrane method, the membrane used in the ion exchange membrane method is an ion exchange membrane, which only allows sodium ions to pass through, but does not allow hydrogen ions and chlorine ions to pass through. Therefore, the ion-exchange membrane method can more effectively prevent the mixing of hydrogen and chlorine and improve production safety. At the same time, due to the selectivity of the ionic membrane, a higher purity sodium hydroxide product can be obtained.

3. mercury method

The mercury method is a relatively old method of manufacturing sodium hydroxide. The method uses mercury as a cathode to electrolyze an aqueous salt solution to generate sodium hydroxide and chlorine gas. However, because mercury is toxic and harmful to the environment and human health, this method has been gradually eliminated.

4. molten salt method

molten salt method is a new type of sodium hydroxide manufacturing method. This method uses molten salt as an electrolyte, and electrolyzes moisture in the molten salt at high temperature to generate hydrogen gas and sodium hydroxide. Since the molten salt has higher conductivity and better thermal stability, the electrolysis efficiency and production safety can be improved. However, this method requires high temperature conditions and special equipment, and thus the production cost is high.

In short, there are many manufacturing methods for sodium hydroxide, among which the diaphragm method and the ion-exchange membrane method are the main production methods at present. In actual production, the appropriate manufacturing method should be selected according to the specific situation and needs to obtain high-quality, high-purity sodium hydroxide products.

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