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[Chemical Knowledge]：Production method and process flow of diisononyl phthalate

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Diisononyl phthalate (DINP) is a widely used plasticizer, mainly used in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic products to increase its flexibility. The following is the manufacturing method of diisononyl phthalate:

**Raw materials**

1. Phthalic anhydride (PA): This is the main raw material of DINP, which is generally made by the reaction of benzene, coke and air.
2. Isononanol (INA): This is a primary alcohol with nine carbon atoms, usually made by tetramerization of propylene.

**Manufacturing steps**

1. Esterification reaction: Phthalic anhydride is esterified with isononyl alcohol in the presence of a catalyst. Commonly used catalysts are sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid or p-toluenesulfonic acid. The reaction is generally carried out at atmospheric pressure or under slight pressure. The reaction temperature is usually between 180 and 220°C. The reaction produces diisononyl phthalate and water.
2. Dehydration: The water generated in the esterification reaction needs to be removed by distillation to facilitate the reaction. This step is usually carried out under vacuum conditions to reduce the boiling point of water.
3. Purification: Unreacted raw materials, by-products and impurities are removed from the product by distillation or rectification to obtain pure diisononyl phthalate.
4. Cooling and packaging: The pure diisononyl phthalate is cooled to room temperature and then packaged.

**Precautions**

1. During the entire manufacturing process, the reaction temperature and pressure need to be strictly controlled to ensure the smooth progress of the reaction.
2. The choice and amount of catalyst have a great influence on the reaction and need to be optimized according to the actual situation.
3. During the dehydration process, care should be taken to avoid decomposition and side reactions at high temperatures.
4. In the purification process, it is necessary to ensure that the purity of the product meets the requirements.

In general, the manufacturing process of diisononyl phthalate involves multiple steps such as chemical reaction, material separation and purification, and each parameter needs to be precisely controlled to ensure product quality and yield. At the same time, due to the treatment of chemical substances and waste discharge, it is also necessary to consider factors such as environmental protection and safe production.

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