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[Chemical Knowledge]：Manufacturing method and process of succinic acid

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Succinic acid, also known as succinic acid, is an important organic chemical raw material widely used in medicine, food, agriculture and other industrial fields. Succinic acid is produced by a variety of methods, including chemical synthesis and biological fermentation. This article will detail these two manufacturing methods.

1. chemical synthesis method

1. Butadiene method: butadiene method is through the reaction of butadiene with acetic acid and oxygen to generate 1,4-succinic acid dimethyl ester, and then hydrolysis to succinic acid. The method has mild reaction conditions and high yields, but requires the use of noble metal catalysts and high costs.
2. maleic anhydride method: maleic anhydride method is through the reaction of maleic anhydride and water to generate maleic acid, and then through hydrogenation reaction to obtain succinic acid. The method is easy to obtain raw materials, simple process, but the yield is low, need a lot of energy.

2. biological fermentation method

biological fermentation method is the use of microbial metabolism to produce succinic acid. Compared with the chemical synthesis method, the biological fermentation method has the advantages of mild conditions, environmental protection and sustainability, and has gradually become a research hotspot.

1. strain breeding: the selection of appropriate strains is the key to biological fermentation. At present, the commonly used bacteria are lactic acid bacteria, Escherichia coli, yeast and so on. The yield and purity of succinic acid can be improved by genetic engineering.
2. Optimization of fermentation conditions: fermentation conditions such as temperature, pH, substrate concentration have a great influence on the yield of succinic acid. Optimizing the fermentation conditions can improve the growth rate of the strain and the yield of succinic acid.
3. Separation and purification: After the fermentation, succinic acid needs to be separated and purified from the fermentation broth. Commonly used methods are ion exchange, extraction, crystallization and so on. The crystallization method is more commonly used, can obtain high purity succinic acid.

In the actual production process, the appropriate manufacturing method can be selected according to the specific situation. The chemical synthesis method is suitable for large-scale production, but the cost is high; the biological fermentation method is environmentally friendly and sustainable, but it takes time to select strains and optimize conditions. With the continuous development of biotechnology, the application prospect of biological fermentation in the field of succinic acid manufacturing is more and more broad.

In summary, succinic acid can be produced by a variety of methods, including chemical synthesis and biological fermentation. According to different production needs and conditions, the appropriate manufacturing method can be selected. In the future, with the continuous progress and innovation of technology, the manufacturing method of succinic acid will be more efficient, environmentally friendly and sustainable.

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