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[Chemical Knowledge]：Methane production and manufacturing methods and processes.

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In the field of chemical production raw materials, methane is an important hydrocarbon, which is widely used in the production of synthetic ammonia, methanol, ethylene and other chemical products. This article will introduce several common methods of methane production.

1. natural gas separation

natural gas separation is one of the common methods to obtain high purity methane. Natural gas is mainly composed of methane, but also contains a small amount of ethane, propane and other hydrocarbon gases and carbon dioxide, nitrogen and other non-hydrocarbon gases. Through low-temperature separation technology, the hydrocarbon gas in natural gas can be separated from non-hydrocarbon gas, so as to obtain high-purity methane. This method has the advantages of mature process and simple operation, but it is affected by natural gas resource reserves and geographical restrictions.

2. Coal-to-methane

Coal-to-methane is a method of producing methane through the gasification reaction of coal. Under the condition of high temperature and high pressure, coal reacts with gasification agents such as steam or oxygen to produce syngas (mainly composed of carbon monoxide and hydrogen), and the syngas is converted into methane through catalytic reaction. This method can realize the efficient utilization of coal resources and reduce the dependence on natural gas resources, but a large amount of waste gas and waste water will be produced in the production process, and the environmental protection requirements are high.

3. Methane production from biomass

Methane production from biomass is a method that uses microbial fermentation to convert organic waste into methane. Organic wastes such as livestock manure, crop straw, etc. produce methane through microbial metabolism under anaerobic conditions. This method has the advantages of a wide range of raw materials, renewable, and can realize the reduction and resource utilization of waste, but the fermentation conditions need to be controlled in the production process to ensure the yield and purity of methane.

4. Carbon dioxide reduction method

Carbon dioxide reduction method is a method for producing methane by reducing carbon dioxide. Under high temperature and high pressure conditions, carbon dioxide and hydrogen undergo a reduction reaction to produce methane and water. This method can realize the effective use of carbon dioxide and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, but it needs to consume a lot of hydrogen and energy, and the cost is high.

In short, there are many methods for the manufacture of methane, and different methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. The appropriate manufacturing method should be selected according to the specific production conditions and needs. At the same time, with the continuous progress of science and technology and the improvement of environmental protection requirements, the manufacturing method of methane is also constantly improved and optimized, and more efficient and environmentally friendly manufacturing methods will emerge in the future.

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