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[Chemical Knowledge]：Production and manufacturing method and process flow of aldehydes

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Manufacturing methods
of aldehydes
1. Introduction

aldehydes are an important class of organic compounds, widely used in the field of chemical production raw materials. They have unique chemical properties and can be used to manufacture many important chemicals, such as alcohols, acids, esters, ketones, etc. This paper will introduce the production methods of aldehydes, including oxidation, reduction, addition, condensation and other reactions of aldehydes, as well as catalytic hydrogenation and electrolytic reduction of aldehydes. Oxidation Reaction of

2. Aldehyde

aldehyde can be prepared by oxidation reaction. Common oxidants include potassium permanganate, chromic acid, nitric acid, etc. For example, acetaldehyde can be prepared by the oxidation of ethylene:

CH2 = CH2 O2 → CH3CHO

This reaction is carried out under acidic conditions, and the resulting acetaldehyde can be separated by distillation. Reduction of

3. Aldehydes

aldehydes can also be prepared by reduction. Common reducing agents include hydrogen, metal hydrides, and the like. For example, benzaldehyde can be prepared by the reduction reaction of benzoic acid:

C6H5COOH H2 → C6H5CHO

This reaction usually needs to be carried out under high temperature and high pressure conditions. Addition Reaction

4. Aldehyde

aldehyde can undergo addition reaction to form alcohol or hydrocarbon compound. For example, acetaldehyde can undergo an addition reaction with hydrogen to produce ethanol:

CH3CHO H2 → CH3CH2OH

This reaction requires the use of a catalyst, such as nickel or copper. Condensation Reaction of

5. Aldehyde

aldehyde may undergo a condensation reaction to form a compound such as a ketone or an acid anhydride. For example, two molecules of acetaldehyde can undergo a condensation reaction to produce 3-hydroxybutyraldehyde:

2CH3CHO → CH3CH(OH)CH2CHO

This reaction needs to be carried out under acidic conditions, and the resulting product can be separated by distillation. Catalytic Hydrogenation of 6. Aldehydes

aldehydes can be catalytically hydrogenated to the corresponding alcohols. This reaction is typically carried out using a catalyst, such as platinum or palladium, and under high pressure hydrogen conditions. For example, benzaldehyde can be catalyzed by hydrogenation reaction to produce benzyl alcohol:

C6H5CHO H2 → C6H5CH2OH

7. aldehyde electroreduction reaction

aldehyde can also be produced by electroreduction reaction corresponding alcohol. This reaction is usually carried out in an acidic electrolyte solution, using platinum electrodes as the cathode and anode. For example, acetaldehyde can produce ethanol through electrolytic reduction reaction:

CH3CHO 2H 2e- → CH3CH2OH

8. conclusion

aldehydes are manufactured by various methods, including oxidation, reduction, addition, condensation and other reactions, as well as catalytic hydrogenation and electrolytic reduction. Different methods are suitable for different aldehydes and raw materials, and the appropriate manufacturing method can be selected according to the actual situation.

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