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[Chemical Knowledge]：The production and manufacturing methods and processes of soda ash.

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Soda ash, also known as sodium carbonate, is an important raw material widely used in the production of chemicals. Its manufacturing methods are varied, mainly including ammonia-alkali method, combined alkali making method and natural alkali processing method. This article will detail the three soda manufacturing methods.

1. ammonia-alkali method

ammonia-alkali method, also known as Solvay alkali method, is one of the most important methods for the production of soda ash in the world. The raw materials of this method are mainly salt, limestone, coke and ammonia.

production steps:

1. the preparation of saturated brine, ammonia and carbon dioxide, generating sodium bicarbonate precipitation and ammonium chloride solution. The reaction equation is: NaCl NH3 CO2 H2O → NaHCO3 ↓ NH4Cl.
2. Sodium bicarbonate crystals are obtained by filtration and calcined to produce soda ash, while carbon dioxide gas is released. The reaction equation is: 2NaHCO3 → Na2CO3 CO2 ↑ H2O.
3. Ammonium chloride in mother liquor is added into lime milk to recover ammonia for recycling. The reaction equation is: 2NH4Cl Ca(OH)2 → 2NH3 ↑ CaCl2 2H2O. The advantages of

ammonia-alkali method are that the raw materials are easily available and the product quality is good, but the production process requires a lot of energy and raw materials, and at the same time emits a lot of waste gas and waste residue, causing certain pollution to the environment.

2. joint alkali making method

joint alkali making method is also called Hou's alkali making method, which is improved on the basis of ammonia alkali method by Hou Debang, a famous chemist in China. This method combines the production of soda ash with the synthetic ammonia industry, and realizes the full utilization of resources and the reduction of waste.

production steps:

1. ammonia and carbon dioxide into saturated salt water, generating sodium bicarbonate precipitation. The reaction equation is: NaCl NH3 CO2 H2O → NaHCO3 ↓ NH4Cl.
2. Sodium bicarbonate crystals are obtained by filtration and calcined to produce soda ash, while carbon dioxide gas is released. The reaction equation is: 2NaHCO3 → Na2CO3 CO2 ↑ H2O.
3. The carbon dioxide gas generated by calcination is passed into a water absorption tower to generate ammonium bicarbonate solution. The reaction equation is: CO2 H2O → H2CO3,H2CO3 NH3 → NH4HCO3.
4. ammonium bicarbonate solution mixed with sodium chloride solution, metathesis reaction, ammonium chloride and sodium bicarbonate precipitation. The reaction equation is: NaCl NH4HCO3 → NaHCO3 ↓ NH4Cl.
5. The sodium bicarbonate crystals obtained by filtration are then calcined to produce soda ash. The ammonium chloride in the mother liquor is added to the milk of lime to recover the ammonia for recycling. The advantages of

combined soda making method are to improve the utilization rate of raw materials, reduce the emission of waste residue and waste gas, and reduce the production cost. It is a more advanced soda manufacturing method at present.

3. trona processing method

trona processing method is the use of trona mineral resources to produce soda ash method. Natural alkali ore contains a large amount of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate minerals, after mining, crushing, dissolving, filtering, evaporation and other process steps, soda ash products can be obtained.

production steps:

1 mining natural alkali ore, broken into a certain size of ore.
2. Add the ore to the dissolving tank, and pass hot water to dissolve the sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate in the ore.
3. The insolubles were removed by filtration to obtain lye.
4. send the lye into an evaporation tank and evaporate and concentrate to obtain soda ash crystals. The advantages of

trona processing method are simple process and low cost, but the trona mineral resources are limited and uneven distribution, which limits the wide application of this method.

In short, the manufacturing methods of soda ash have their own advantages and disadvantages, and the appropriate method should be selected according to the specific production conditions and resource conditions. At the same time, we should pay attention to environmental protection and resource utilization in the production process to achieve green and sustainable production.

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