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[Chemical Knowledge]：The production and manufacturing method and process of coal gas.

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Coal gas is a kind of coal as raw material, through the gasification process to produce synthesis gas (main components of CO and H2), and then the production of chemicals and fuel gas process. The coal-to-gas process mainly includes three steps: gasification, purification and synthesis. This article will introduce the manufacturing method of coal gas in detail.

gasification

coal gasification is the core step of coal gasification, mainly converting coal into syngas. The gasification process is usually carried out at high temperature, high pressure and in the presence of an oxidant. Common gasification technologies include fixed bed gasification, fluidized bed gasification and entrained flow gasification.

1. fixed bed gasification: fixed bed gasification, also known as moving bed gasification, is to add coal from the top of the furnace, gasification agent from the bottom of the furnace into, and coal countercurrent contact, gasification reaction. The fixed bed gasification technology is mature and the operation is stable, but the gasification efficiency is low.
2. Fluidized bed gasification: Fluidized bed gasification is to inject coal and gasification agent into the gasifier at a certain speed, so that the coal particles are in a boiling state in the gasifier, and the gasification agent is fully contacted, so that the gasification reaction occurs. Fluidized bed gasification has the advantages of high gasification efficiency and low pollution.
3. entrained flow gasification: entrained flow gasification is to inject pulverized coal and gasification agent into the gasifier at high speed, and complete the mixing and gasification reaction in an instant. Entrained flow gasification has the advantages of high gasification efficiency and strong adaptability to coal types.

purification
The synthesis gas obtained by
gasification contains a large amount of impurities, such as sulfides, nitrides, dust, etc., and needs to be purified to meet the requirements of the subsequent synthesis process. The purification process mainly includes the steps of desulfurization, decarbonization, transformation and denitrification.

1. Desulfurization: the use of absorbent to remove sulfide in syngas to prevent subsequent equipment corrosion. Commonly used desulfurization absorbent alcohol amine, iron oxide and so on.
2. Decarbonization: The carbon dioxide in the synthesis gas is removed to meet the requirements of the subsequent production of synthetic ammonia, methanol and other chemicals. Commonly used methods of decarburization are physical absorption method, chemical absorption method, etc.
3. Shift: The carbon monoxide in the synthesis gas is converted into hydrogen and carbon dioxide to increase the proportion of hydrogen in the synthesis gas and provide suitable raw gas for the subsequent production of methanol and synthetic ammonia.
4. denitrification: removal of nitrides from syngas to prevent catalyst poisoning and equipment corrosion. The commonly used denitrification methods include selective catalytic reduction method, hydrolysis method and so on.

synthesis

the purified synthesis gas, which can be used to produce various chemicals and fuel gas. Common synthetic products are methanol, synthetic ammonia, urea and so on.

1. Methanol synthesis: The purified synthesis gas is reacted to generate methanol through high-pressure synthesis under the action of a catalyst.
2. synthetic ammonia synthesis: the purified synthesis gas under high pressure, high temperature and the action of catalyst, through the Hubble process ammonia synthesis reaction to generate synthetic ammonia.
3. urea synthesis: ammonia and carbon dioxide in high pressure, high temperature and catalyst under the action of urea synthesis reaction to produce urea.

summary

coal gas is an important chemical production raw materials in the field of manufacturing methods, has a wide range of applications. Through different gasification technologies, purification methods and synthesis processes, various chemicals and fuel gases can be produced to meet different production needs. At the same time, it is necessary to pay attention to safety, environmental protection and energy saving issues in the production process to ensure the sustainable development of the coal-to-gas process.

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