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[Chemical Knowledge]：The production and manufacturing method and process of biodiesel.

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The manufacturing method
of biodiesel
1. Introduction

With the increase of global energy demand and the improvement of environmental protection awareness, biodiesel as a renewable and environmentally friendly alternative energy has attracted more and more attention. Biodiesel is mainly produced from renewable resources such as animal and vegetable oils and waste edible oil through transesterification, which has low carbon emissions and environmental pollution. This article will introduce the manufacturing method of biodiesel in detail, aiming to promote its application in the field of chemical production raw materials.

2. materials and methods

1. Material

(1) Oil raw materials: animal and vegetable oils, waste edible oils, etc.

(2) methanol: industrial grade methanol.

(3) catalyst: sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide, etc.

2. Equipment

(1) Stirred reactor: used for transesterification reaction.

(2) separation equipment: used for product separation and purification.

(3) Thermometer, pH meter: used to monitor the reaction process.

3. Manufacturing method

(1) Acid-catalyzed transesterification method

In the presence of an acidic catalyst, fats and oils are transesterified with methanol to produce biodiesel and glycerin. During the reaction, the temperature, the molar ratio of methanol to fat and the concentration of catalyst should be controlled. After completion of the reaction, biodiesel and glycerin are separated by a method such as standing, centrifugation, etc.

(2) Alkali-catalyzed transesterification

In the presence of an alkaline catalyst, fats and oils are transesterified with methanol. Compared with the acid catalytic method, the alkali catalytic method has the advantages of fast reaction speed and less catalyst dosage. After the reaction, the catalyst needs to be removed by neutralization, washing and other steps, and then the biodiesel and glycerin are separated.

(3) Supercritical methanol method

In the supercritical state, methanol has a very high solubility and diffusion coefficient, which can improve the rate of transesterification reaction. This method has the advantages of short reaction time and no catalyst, but the equipment cost is high.

3. results and discussion

1. The yield and quality of biodiesel are affected by the type of raw oil, the type and concentration of catalyst, reaction temperature and time and other factors. Therefore, when selecting the manufacturing method, it is necessary to optimize according to the specific raw materials and production conditions.

2. Acid-catalyzed transesterification and alkali-catalyzed transesterification are commonly used biodiesel manufacturing methods, with mature technology and readily available raw materials. However, the wastewater produced by the alkali-catalyzed process needs to be treated to avoid environmental pollution.

3. Supercritical methanol method has high reaction efficiency, but the equipment investment is large, suitable for large-scale production.

4. conclusion

biodiesel as a renewable, environmentally friendly alternative energy, has broad application prospects. This paper introduces the biodiesel production methods such as acid-catalyzed transesterification, alkali-catalyzed transesterification and supercritical methanol, and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of each method. In actual production, the appropriate manufacturing method can be selected according to the source of raw materials and production scale to achieve efficient and environmentally friendly production of biodiesel. At the same time, further research and optimization of the manufacturing process of biodiesel, improve the yield and quality, help to promote the application of biodiesel in the field of chemical production raw materials, and contribute to sustainable development.

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