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[Chemical Knowledge]：Properties and uses of benzaldehyde

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Benzaldehyde is an important organic compound, which is widely used as a raw material for chemical production. It has unique physical and chemical properties, and has a wide range of applications in medicine, spices, plastics and other fields. This article will detail the properties and uses of benzaldehyde.

1. the nature of benzaldehyde

benzaldehyde is a colorless or slightly yellow transparent liquid with a strong pungent odor. It is insoluble in water, but miscible with organic solvents such as ethanol and ether. Benzaldehyde has a melting point of -26°C, a boiling point of 179°C and a density of 1.044g/cm³. In addition, benzaldehyde also has the following chemical properties:

1. Aldehyde group reaction: benzaldehyde contains aldehyde group, can occur many typical aldehyde group reaction, such as condensation reaction with alcohol to generate hemiacetal, reaction with amine to generate Schiff base.
2. benzene ring substitution reaction: electrophilic substitution reaction can occur on the benzene ring of benzaldehyde, such as nitration, sulfonation, halogenation and so on.

2. benzaldehyde uses

1. pharmaceutical intermediates: benzaldehyde is many pharmaceutical intermediates of synthetic raw materials, such as for the synthesis of antihistamines, anti-inflammatory drugs.
2. spices: Benzaldehyde has a strong almond flavor, widely used in the spice industry, such as for the preparation of flavors, perfumes and so on.
3. Plastic additives: Benzaldehyde can be used as a plastic additive to improve the heat resistance, weather resistance and other properties of the plastic.

3. benzaldehyde production methods

benzaldehyde production methods are mainly the following:

1. Benzoic acid method: benzoic acid as raw material, through oxidation, dehydration, distillation and other steps of benzaldehyde.
2. Toluene oxidation method: using toluene as raw material, through oxidation, hydrolysis, distillation and other steps to prepare benzaldehyde.
3. Phenol method: using phenol as raw material, benzaldehyde is prepared by hydroxymethylation, oxidation and other steps.

4. Benzaldehyde storage and transportation

Benzaldehyde should be stored in a cool, ventilated, dry warehouse, away from fire, heat. It should be stored separately from oxidants, acids and alkalis, and mixed storage is not allowed. During transportation, light loading and unloading shall be carried out to prevent package damage.

In short, benzaldehyde as an important chemical production raw materials, in medicine, spices, plastics and other fields have a wide range of applications. Understanding the nature and use of benzaldehyde is of great significance for the rational use of resources and the improvement of production efficiency.

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