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[Chemical Knowledge]：Properties and Uses of Nitric Acid

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Nitric acid is a strong acid, with strong oxidation and corrosion, widely used in the field of chemical production raw materials. This article will detail the nature and use of nitric acid.

1. the nature of nitric acid

1. physical properties

nitric acid is a colorless, transparent, pungent odor liquid, with a high boiling point and density, can be miscible with water in any proportion, the formation of constant boiling mixture.

2. Chemical properties

nitric acid is a strong acid, with strong oxidizing and corrosive, can react with many metals and non-metallic substances to generate the corresponding nitrate and water. In addition, nitric acid is also unstable, see light or heat easily decomposed.

2. the use of nitric acid

nitric acid is widely used in the field of chemical production raw materials, the following is its main purpose:

1. preparation of nitrate

nitric acid and alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxide reaction, can prepare the corresponding nitrate. Nitrates have important applications in many fields, such as agricultural fertilizers, gunpowder, dyes, etc.

2. Oxidant

Nitric acid has strong oxidation and can be used to oxidize many organic and inorganic substances. In chemical production, nitric acid is often used to oxidize alcohols, aldehydes, ketones and other organic substances to generate the corresponding carboxylic acids or esters.

3. Preparation of nitrogen-containing compounds

nitric acid can react with nitrogen-containing compounds such as amines and amides to generate corresponding nitro compounds. Nitro compounds are an important class of organic compounds, widely used in medicine, pesticides, dyes and other fields.

4. Cleaning and etching

nitric acid is highly corrosive and can be used to clean and etch metal surfaces. In metal processing and manufacturing processes, nitric acid is often used to remove oxides and stains from metal surfaces, as well as to etch metal surfaces to form specific patterns or structures.

In short, nitric acid has a wide range of uses in the field of chemical production raw materials, and plays an important role in promoting the development of the chemical industry. In the process of using nitric acid, it is necessary to pay attention to its strong oxidation and corrosion, and take corresponding safety measures to ensure the smooth progress of the production process.

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