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[Chemical Knowledge]：In-depth understanding of the working principle of distillation tower, to create a stable production of oil refining industry

Read： 711 Time：14months ago Source：Transform the World with Simplicity

The oil refining industry is a very important industry in the industrial field, and its stable production has a great impact on economic development. As an indispensable equipment in the refining industry, the working principle of the distillation column is also very important. In oil refining production, the role of the distillation tower is to separate the different components through the precise fractionation of the mixture containing several substances. So, what is the working principle of the distillation tower?
The working principle of the
distillation tower is to use the difference between the gas and liquid phases to separate the components of the mixture. Since the components in the mixture have a certain solubility below the boiling point of gasoline, the vaporization and condensation process of the mixture can achieve gas-liquid separation. Specifically, the pressure of the gas inside the rectification column will gradually decrease with the increase of the height, and the temperature will also gradually decrease with the increase of the height. In this process, different components have different saturated vapor pressures because of different boiling points, so they will be vaporized and condensed at different heights and temperatures.

distillation column usually consists of a number of plate layers, each plate layer has a number of pores, gas through. While heating in the column, a certain liquid mixture is injected from below the column. When the liquid mixture contacts the hot plate at the bottom of the column, it begins to vaporize. As the temperature rises and the appropriate pores in each ply pass through, the vaporization becomes more and more complete until it reaches a dry vapor state, and at the same time part of the liquid containing different components is condensed on each ply. These partial liquids eventually condense into different liquid phases for separation purposes.

In a distillation column, a key factor is the balance of gas-liquid flow. When the flow rate is too small, the separation effect is poor. When the flow rate is too large, the vaporization of the mixture can be slowed down, but the fractionation efficiency will be reduced. In addition, factors such as the distance between trays, tower height and temperature also affect the flow balance and distillation efficiency.

In general, the working principle of the distillation column is very complicated, but this is also its unique feature. For the oil refining industry, an in-depth understanding of the working principle of the distillation column plays a very important role in improving production efficiency and stability, reducing costs and improving quality. Therefore, we need to continue to learn, research and innovation, dig out more new methods to optimize production, and create a more efficient and stable production environment for the refining industry.

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