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[Chemical Knowledge]：Production process and preparation method of isobutanol

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Isobutanol, also known as 2-butanol, is a colorless liquid with a distinct aroma and volatile properties. As an important organic chemical, isobutanol is widely used in the fields of medicine, chemical industry, pesticide and so on. This article will introduce the production process and preparation method of isobutanol.

1. Production Process

The production of isobutanol can use a variety of processes, the most common of which is the alkylation reaction. The specific process is as follows:

raw material preparation: isobutane and air are sent into the reactor through a compressor. The reactor also needs to add a certain amount of catalyst, such as sulfuric acid, hydrofluoric acid, formic acid, etc.

reaction process: heating and stirring in the reactor, after the catalyst is activated, isobutane and air start alkylation reaction. The residence time of the reactants in the reactor is related to the reaction temperature. Generally, it is necessary to maintain a relatively high temperature (130-200 ° C.) and a relatively long reaction time (10-20 hours).

separation and purification: After the reaction, the mixed product needs to be separated and purified. Isobutyraldehyde and isobutanol can be separated and purified by distillation and other methods. Isobutyraldehyde is an intermediate produced by isobutane alkylation reaction and needs to be further hydrogenated and reduced to isobutanol.

2. Preparation Method

In addition to the above production process, isobutanol can also be prepared by other chemical reactions or biological reactions. The following is a brief introduction of two commonly used preparation methods:

(1) isobutane hydrogenation preparation of isobutanol

isobutane hydrogenation preparation of isobutanol is a relatively simple, commonly used process. The specific steps are as follows:

raw material preparation: isobutane and hydrogen are fed into the reactor through a compressor. A certain amount of catalyst, such as nickel aluminum catalyst, is also required to be added to the reactor.

reaction process: the catalytic reaction under high temperature and high pressure is carried out in the reactor, and isobutane is hydrogenated with hydrogen under the action of the catalyst to generate isobutanol. During the reaction, it is necessary to control the reaction temperature (170-220 ° C.) and pressure (1-4MPa), and separate and purify after the reaction.

(2) Butyrate fermentation preparation of isobutanol

Butyrate fermentation preparation of isobutanol is a new biological preparation method, the main steps are as follows:

raw material preparation: isobutane and sugar substances as nutrients, through microbial fermentation reaction to produce isobutanol.

reaction process: In the fermentation tank, microorganisms are added and a certain temperature, oxygen and nutrients are provided. Under specific conditions, the microorganisms acidify and reduce the raw materials to generate isobutanol. The reaction conditions have a great influence on the fermentation effect, and the temperature, pH value, microbial concentration and other factors need to be strictly controlled to improve the reaction efficiency.