[Chemical Knowledge]：What is distillation

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Distillation is a separation technique that uses different boiling point properties to separate a mixture into components. Typically, distillation is used to separate two or more components from a liquid mixture. In this process, the mixture is heated, and one or more of its components are converted into a gas and cooled by a condenser, turning them back into a liquid.

distillation separation is an essential part of the chemical separation process, which follows the principle of molecular boiling point or subfraction retention. Thus, liquid mixtures and liquid and gas mixtures having different boiling points or retention characteristics can be separated by distillation. The basic principle of

distillation is that the mixture is subjected to external heat, and then its components escape according to their boiling points. The escaping gas re-condenses during the cooling process, returning to the liquid state. Application of

distillation

distillation has been widely used in various industries, including petroleum, chemical, food and pharmaceutical production. In the petroleum industry, distillation is the basic method for separating different kinds of crude oil components. In the chemical industry, distillation is widely used to separate a single product from a mixture. It is also the basic method of producing alcohol and other beverages.

In drug production, distillation is a method of purifying and extracting drugs. By distillation, useful compounds can be extracted from natural plants and animals to produce drugs. Types of

distillation

distillation are divided into different types. These types are classified according to the boiling point difference used in distillation and the applicability of the technology.

1. Simple distillation

Simple distillation, also known as atmospheric distillation, is used to separate a mixture into two or more components. In this distillation, the mixture is heated and boiled, with the light components (low boiling point) escaping first. The evolved gas is then cooled and condensed to a liquid.

2. Fractionation

Fractionation is a highly efficient method of separating a mixture into two or more components. Unlike simple distillation, during fractionation, the mixture is heated and boiled, and the evaporated gas is condensed and collected multiple times, and partially separated between each condensation and collection. Fractional distillation is often used to separate liquid components having different boiling points because the lower boiling components escape first.