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[Chemical Knowledge]：Production process and preparation method of toluene

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Toluene is a common organic compound, which is often used as a solvent and synthetic raw material. There are many production processes and preparation methods of toluene. This article will introduce several common processes and methods in detail.

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Preparation of (I) Toluene by Hydrogenation
the hydrogenation of toluene is a common industrial production method. This process is accomplished by hydrogenating benzene to toluene in the presence of a catalyst, typically an aluminate or silicoaluminate. The advantages of this method are simple process and low cost, but the catalyst is easy to be deactivated and needs to be replaced regularly.

Methylation Preparation of (II) Toluene
toluene can also be prepared by the method of methylation. This method is methanol and benzene in the presence of a catalyst through a series of chemical reactions to produce toluene. The catalyst is usually aluminum chloride or calcium silicate paste. The advantage of this method is high yield, but the process is complicated, and the catalyst is also easy to be deactivated and contaminated.

Preparation of (III) Toluene by Photooxidation
toluene can also be prepared by photooxidation. In this method, benzene is exposed to light and an appropriate amount of oxygen is added to make it undergo an oxidation reaction to generate toluene. The advantage of this method is that the process is simple, no catalyst is needed, but the production efficiency is low, and there are certain requirements for light conditions.

Preparation of (IV) Toluene by Coal
toluene can also be prepared by coalification. In this method, coal is subjected to hydroprocessing under high temperature and high pressure conditions to obtain a mixture containing toluene. By separation and purification, high-purity toluene can be obtained. The advantage of this method is that the raw materials are abundant, but the process is complicated and the cost is high.

To sum up, there are many production processes and preparation methods of toluene, and each method has its advantages and disadvantages. In actual production, it is necessary to select the appropriate method for production according to the specific situation.

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