In the two years, China has painted four circles. They are Lingang New Area, Hainan Free Trade Port, Hengqin Guangdong-Macao Deep Cooperation Zone, Qianhai Shenzhen-Hong Kong Modern Service Industry Cooperation Zone (hereinafter referred to as Lingang, Hainan, Hengqin, Qianhai). It is generally believed that these four regions represent China's "highest level of opening to the outside world" and have incomparable geographical and policy advantages over other regions.
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basic positioning
although the four places of are both China's "highest level of opening to the outside world", their goals and positioning are still very different. To make it clear in one sentence, that is, Lingang and Qianhai are still ordinary reform and opening up models, while Hainan and Hengqin belong to unprecedented "domestic and foreign" models. The main difference between the two models is that customs will be set up between Hainan and the mainland, while Qianhai and Lingang will not be closed as a whole, but will set up a smaller bonded area inside them.
, it is the first case in China to set an area where a large number of residents live as "inside and outside the customs". In terms of announcement time, Hainan is the first and Hengqin is the second. In terms of customs closure time, Hengqin will become the first (2022) and Hainan will become the second (before 2025). The main difference between Hengqin and Hainan is that Hengqin is very small and does not have any foreign ports such as airport terminals. The first line of Hengqin is Macao and the second line is Zhuhai. Hainan is much larger and has many foreign ports to all parts of the world. Hainan's first line is foreign countries, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, and the second line is all regions in mainland China (the gateway is Hainan's airport terminal).
Hengqin. Key words: "promoting Macao's moderate and diversified economic development" and "integration of Macao". Macau is very small, with an area of only 33 square kilometers, a population of less than 700,000, and a single economy, mainly gambling and tourism. It is difficult for a skillful woman to cook without rice. In such a small piece of land, it is very difficult for Macao to make great development. Therefore, in recent years, Macau has repeatedly applied to the central government to merge Hengqin into Macau. Even with the 106 square kilometers of Hengqin, Macau is still very small. Therefore, we can guess what the final development direction of Hengqin will be.
Qianhai. Key words: "Connecting with Hong Kong and Macao rules and connecting mechanisms" and "High-level opening to the outside world". Qianhai and Hengqin have similar names. They are both cooperation zones, but they are very different. On the official website of Qianhai, the words "relying on Hong Kong, serving the mainland and facing the world" are written. Obviously, unlike Hengqin, which mainly serves Macao, Qianhai's goal is to serve the mainland.
Qianhai covers an area of 120 square kilometers and occupies the Gold Coast in the west of Shenzhen. Baoan Airport and Shekou Port can reach all over the world; there is the Shenzhen Bay Bridge to the south to connect Hong Kong, the high-speed rail highway to the north to Guangzhou, and the Shenzhen-China channel to the west. Connect to the west bank of the Pearl River Estuary, and to the east is the center of Shenzhen. It can be said that Qianhai has unparalleled geographical advantages.
the development of Qianhai is so logical, it can also be seen from the calm attitude of Shenzhen people towards the "Qianhai Plan. After all, this plan is the icing on the cake for Qianhai. Yes, Qianhai will develop better. No, Qianhai will also develop very well.
Lingang. Key words: "all-round and high-level opening up" and "benchmarking the internationally recognized free trade zone with the strongest competitiveness". Lingang New Area is located in the southeast corner of Shanghai, facing Ningbo across Hangzhou Bay, covering an area of 837 square kilometers, accounting for 1/8 of the total area of Shanghai. This area was originally a dead corner of traffic. Compared with other areas in Shanghai, the level of economic development is also low. The turning point occurred when the Yangshan Deepwater Port was completed and put into operation in 2005, and the port suddenly jumped from a dead corner to an important traffic road. As a result, this undeveloped land became a rare resource in Shanghai, and the new Lingang area came into being. If the goal of Pudong was to build another Shanghai, then the goal of Lingang today is to build another Pudong.
Hainan Key words: "free trade port with Chinese characteristics" and "test the highest level of opening policy". Compared with the first three, Hainan has a more detached status, which can be seen from the fact that the state has specially formulated a "The People's Republic of China Hainan Free Trade Port Law. Hainan is the second largest island in China, with an area of about 34,000 square kilometers, more than 300 times that of Hengqin, with a population of more than 10 million and more than 200 times that of Hengqin. As China's largest special economic zone and international tourist island, Hainan's economic development has the characteristics of both the east and the west. Both developed and backward are very typical here. Under the new development pattern of "domestic and international double cycle", if the domestic cycle and the international cycle are in the same "8" shape, Hainan is at the intersection of this "8" shape. In this sense, at a time of great global changes, Hainan has been given a special historical mission by the state.
Tax system
in the tax system, Hainan is undoubtedly the most special and preferential. Hainan Island, as a special area of customs supervision-domestic and foreign customs, will establish a tax system that is different from the mainland-"zero tariff, low tax rate, simple tax system". For ordinary people, the most real thing is the tax-free policy for outlying islands. Passengers leaving the island can buy 100,000 yuan of duty-free goods every year.
, Hengqin, like Hainan, implements "first-line liberalization and second-line control", which means that Macau's goods can be "tax-free" into Hengqin. Macao's foreign trade is a policy of free trade and low tax rate. Goods enter Macao with basically zero tariff and then enter Hengqin without additional tax. Hengqin is different from Hainan. There is no tax exemption policy for outlying islands. However, after Hengqin is closed, passengers returning from Hengqin to the mainland will be allowed to carry a certain amount of duty-free goods. The details need to be further clarified.
Lingang and Qianhai are quite different from the former two. Since it is not "closed", except for the "bonded" policies in specific regions and some preferential policies, the tax system is basically consistent with other regions in the country.
Industry Direction
The 14th Five-Year Plan for Lingang proposes to build more than 3 billion industrial clusters by 2025. Key industries include: intelligent new energy vehicle 200 billion, integrated circuit 100 billion, high-end equipment manufacturing 100 billion, artificial intelligence 90 billion, biomedical 80 billion, civil aviation 60 billion. In addition, cross-border financial services, new international trade, modern shipping services, digital information services, and technological innovation services have also been included in the plan.
, Hainan's industrial direction is "3 1 1", that is, tourism, modern service industry, high-tech industry, tropical characteristic and efficient agriculture, and manufacturing industry. One of the important goals of Hainan is to build an international tourism consumption center, focusing on the three major brands of duty-free shopping, international medical care and studying abroad in Hainan. Duty-free shopping mainly relies on Haikou Sanya two central cities, international medical, study in Hainan mainly relies on Boao Lecheng, Lingshui Li'an, the two are called medical special zone, education special zone.
Qianhai, whose name reads modern service industry, is one of the key points in the. There is no doubt that Qianhai will become the headquarters of countless well-known enterprises. Qianhai sits on Baoan Airport and Shekou Port, which are the major external corridors of Shenzhen. Of course, international trade and logistics are also key directions. In addition, artificial intelligence, health care, financial technology, smart cities, Internet of Things, new energy materials, marine technology, etc. are also Qianhai's encouraging industries.
Hengqin plan mainly mentions four major industries, namely, scientific and technological research and development and high-end manufacturing industry, traditional Chinese medicine and food and health care products industry, cultural tourism, exhibition and trade industry, and modern financial industry. Hengqin and Macao are well-known tourist destinations, and Hengqin and Hainan will compete in the "international tourism consumption center. Generally speaking, Hengqin, as a geographical extension of Macao, will replicate Macao's advantageous industries on the one hand, expand related industries on the other, and finally realize the integration of Macao.
Prospects and Opportunities
the future of the four places, we can make an analogy to better perceive the image. Qianhai, China's Manhattan, is the gathering place of the world's top 500 enterprises; Lingang, China's Silicon Valley, a large number of advanced industrial clusters will emerge here; Hengqin, China's Las Vegas, will become the capital of tourism, exhibition and entertainment; Hainan, China's Florida, has coastal tourism, aerospace, biomedicine, characteristic agriculture, international trade and other rich characteristics.
finally look at the opportunities in the four places. There is no doubt that these four places are the hot land of China's future, and each place is full of vitality, but for different enterprises and different people, there will still be different choices.
let's not talk about enterprises for the time being. For individuals, from the perspective of entrepreneurship, Hainan is suitable for low-cost entrepreneurship, and the other three places are suitable for large-scale entrepreneurship; from the perspective of job hunting, there are undoubtedly more job opportunities in Qianhai and Lingang, but the pressure is also relatively high. Hainan and Hengqin have a lot of leisure, and they can start the vacation mode at any time after work. In terms of buying a house, Hainan is the most livable, followed by Hengqin, qianhai belongs to people who like prosperous cities. It is close to the port and is not livable enough at present, unless you have a good job there.
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