[Chemical Knowledge]：The nature, use, upstream and downstream raw materials, storage methods of coking benzene, and the difference between coking benzene and petroleum benzene.

CHOKING BENZENE PROPERTIES

Coked benzene, often referred to simply as coking benzene or benzene, is an important organic compound with the chemical formula C6H6. It is a colorless, sweet liquid at room temperature with a strong aromatic odor. Benzene is the basic structural unit of aromatic hydrocarbons. Its molecular structure is a six-carbon ring with a hydrogen atom on each carbon atom. Benzene has a melting point of 5.5 ° C and a boiling point of 80.1 ° C. It has a lower viscosity and higher volatility. These properties make benzene an important industrial solvent and chemical raw material.

Use of coking benzene

Benzene is widely used in industry. It is an important raw material for the manufacture of phenol, aniline, adipic acid and other chemical products, which are further used in the production of plastics, synthetic fibers, dyes and pesticides. Benzene is an important precursor for the production of ethylbenzene, which is the raw material for the production of styrene, which can be further polymerized into polystyrene plastic. Benzene is also used to produce cyclohexane, an important intermediate in nylon production. In addition to chemical raw materials, benzene is also widely used as a solvent, especially in paints, coatings, adhesives and cleaners.

Upstream raw materials

The production of coking benzene mainly depends on coke oven gas and coal tar. Coke oven gas is a by-product produced when coal is retorted at high temperatures and contains a certain proportion of benzene. Benzene can be recovered from coke oven gas by a condensation and separation process. Coal tar is another by-product of the coal dry distillation process, which also contains benzene and its derivatives. Pure benzene can be extracted from coal tar by distillation and fractionation. In recent years, the petrochemical industry has also become an important source of benzene, especially the extraction of benzene from heavy aromatics obtained from petroleum by reforming process.

Downstream Products

The downstream products of coking benzene are diverse and cover many industrial fields. The main downstream products include phenol, cyclohexane, styrene and aniline. Among them, phenol is widely used in the manufacture of phenolic resin and polycarbonate; cyclohexane is mainly used in the production of nylon; styrene is an important raw material for the production of polystyrene plastics; aniline is the basic chemical for the production of dyes and rubber additives. Benzene also produces different types of solvents, plastics and fibers through various chemical reactions.

Production process

There are two main production processes for benzene: coal chemical routes and petrochemical routes. In the coal chemical route, coal undergoes high-temperature carbonization to produce coke oven gas and coal tar, and benzene is obtained through separation and purification. In the petrochemical route, benzene is mainly extracted from heavy aromatics in petroleum by a reforming process. Specific processes include catalytic reforming, alkylation, and hydrodealkylation. Modern processes also include efficient purification techniques for separating benzene from mixed xylenes, such as extractive distillation and azeotropic distillation.

storage method

Storage of benzene requires special attention to its volatility and flammability. In general, benzene should be stored in a cool, well-ventilated place, away from fire and high temperature environment. The storage container shall be made of corrosion-resistant metal materials and must be well sealed to prevent the volatilization of benzene. The storage area shall also be equipped with leakage emergency treatment equipment and fire extinguishing equipment. Because benzene has a certain toxicity, necessary protective measures should be taken during storage and transportation to avoid direct contact with the human body and to prevent leakage from polluting the environment.

Safety and environmental protection

As a chemical raw material, the safe use and environmental protection of coking benzene are very important. Benzene has certain toxicity and carcinogenicity, and prolonged exposure may cause serious harm to human health. Therefore, in the process of production and use, the emission of benzene must be strictly controlled to ensure that the benzene concentration in the working environment meets safety standards. In terms of environmental protection, the discharge of benzene must comply with national and local environmental regulations, and reduce its pollution to the atmosphere and water through technical means. For example, waste gas recovery technology, waste water treatment technology, etc., to minimize the impact of benzene on the environment.

Market Prospects

With the acceleration of global industrialization and the increasing demand for chemical products, the market prospect of coking benzene is broad. Especially in developing countries, the rapid development of infrastructure construction and industrial production has promoted the demand for benzene and its downstream products. Market competition is also increasingly fierce, enterprises in various countries continue to improve the level of production technology and technology, in order to reduce costs and improve product quality. With the increasingly stringent environmental regulations, companies are also actively seeking green production processes and clean energy applications to achieve sustainable development.

Conclusion

As an important chemical raw material, coking benzene plays an irreplaceable role in industrial production. Through the analysis of its properties, uses, upstream and downstream raw materials, production processes, storage methods, safety and environmental protection, and market prospects, it can be seen that coking benzene is widely used in modern industry and its potential economic value. In the future, with the continuous progress of technology and the change of market demand, the coking benzene industry will continue to develop and grow, but also face the challenges of environmental protection and safety. Enterprises need to constantly innovate and upgrade their technology to ensure their competitiveness in the global market.