[Chemical Knowledge]：Properties, uses, upstream and downstream raw materials, storage methods of o-chlorophenol, density of o-chlorophenol

PROPERTIES OF O-CHLOROPHENOL

Ortho-chlorophenol (2-chlorophenol, o-chlorophenol) is an organic compound with the formula C6H5ClO. It is a colorless to light yellow liquid with a strong phenolic odor. Its physical properties include a melting point of 8°C, a boiling point of 173°C, and a density of 1.27g/cm³. In terms of chemical properties, o-chlorophenol has weak acidity and limited solubility in water, but it is miscible with organic solvents such as ethanol and ether. Because of the chlorine atom and phenolic hydroxyl in its molecular structure, it has high reactivity in chemical reactions, such as halogenation reaction, nitration reaction, sulfonation reaction and so on.

Use of o-chlorophenol

Ortho-chlorophenol is widely used in chemical industry. It is an important intermediate in the pesticide industry for the synthesis of a variety of fungicides, insecticides and herbicides. In the pharmaceutical industry, o-chlorophenol is used in the manufacture of antibacterial drugs and preservatives. It is also used as a dye intermediate and participates in the manufacture of a variety of organic dyes and pigments. In the resin and plastics industry, o-chlorophenol is also a key additive, which can improve the heat resistance and corrosion resistance of products. O-chlorophenol plays an important role in many fields and is a versatile organic compound.

o-Chlorophenol Upstream Feedstock

The upstream raw materials for the production of o-chlorophenol mainly include benzene and chlorine. Benzene is a basic petrochemical product that can be obtained by catalytic reforming or cracking in petroleum refining processes. Chlorine is one of the main products of the chlor-alkali industry and is produced by electrolysis of sodium chloride solution (brine). Under certain conditions, these two raw materials generate chlorobenzene through chlorination reaction, and chlorobenzene is then hydrolyzed to generate o-chlorophenol. The production process also requires catalysts and reaction solvents, which are important substances to ensure the smooth progress of the reaction.

o-Chlorophenol Downstream Products

There are many kinds of downstream products of o-chlorophenol, covering many fields such as pesticide, medicine and dye. In the field of pesticides, o-chlorophenol is a key precursor for many insecticides and fungicides, such as 2,4-D(2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid). In the field of medicine, it is the main component of antibacterial drugs and disinfectants. In the dye industry, o-chlorophenol can be used to produce a variety of dye intermediates, such as nitrochlorobenzene and aniline dyes. o-Chlorophenol is also used in the manufacture of plastic additives, antioxidants and other specialty chemicals. The diversity of its downstream products reflects the important position of o-chlorophenol in the chemical industry.

O-Chlorophenol Production Process

The production process of o-chlorophenol mainly includes two steps: first, chlorination of benzene to generate chlorobenzene, followed by hydrolysis of chlorobenzene to generate o-chlorophenol. In the first step of the reaction, benzene and chlorine gas are chlorinated under the action of iron catalyst to produce chlorobenzene. In the second step, chlorobenzene reacts with sodium hydroxide solution at high temperature and high pressure to produce o-chlorophenol and sodium chloride. This process is relatively mature, and the choice of reaction conditions and catalysts has an important impact on the yield and purity of the product.

O-Chlorophenol Storage Method

Storage of o-chlorophenol requires special attention to its chemical properties and safety. Due to its certain toxicity and corrosiveness, corrosion-resistant containers, such as glass and Teflon-lined steel drums, should be used for storage. The storage environment should be kept dry and cool, avoiding direct sunlight and high temperature. The storage area should be well ventilated to prevent the accumulation of o-chlorophenol vapors, which may cause poisoning or fire hazards. In order to prevent accidental leakage, the storage container should be checked regularly to ensure good sealing. In case of emergency, appropriate fire-fighting equipment and protective articles shall be provided to ensure the safety of personnel and environment.

o-Chlorophenol-Safety and Environmental Requirements

Ortho-chlorophenol is a toxic substance, which may have adverse effects on human health after exposure, including skin irritation and respiratory tract irritation. Its volatility makes it easy to form harmful gases in the air, so it is necessary to strictly follow the safety procedures when using and handling, and wear protective gloves, goggles and masks. The waste and wastewater treatment of o-chlorophenol also need to comply with environmental regulations to prevent environmental pollution. When treating wastewater, biochemical treatment, activated carbon adsorption and other methods can be used to reduce the concentration of organic pollutants and ensure that the discharge meets the standards.

Market prospects and trends

The market demand for o-chlorophenol is driven by multiple industries, especially the continuous development of the pesticide and pharmaceutical industries, which keeps its demand growing steadily. With the increasingly stringent environmental regulations, the improvement of production processes and the development of new catalysts will become the focus of future development to improve the yield and purity of products and reduce the production of by-products and pollutants. The synthesis of new efficient pesticides and pharmaceutical intermediates will further expand the application range of o-chlorophenol and enhance its market competitiveness. In general, o-chlorophenol has broad development prospects in the future.

Summary

As an important organic chemical raw material, o-chlorophenol has a wide range of applications and market demand. Its production process is relatively mature, but it still needs to be continuously optimized in terms of efficiency and environmental performance. During storage and use, safety and environmental protection requirements must be strictly observed to ensure the safety of personnel and the environment. With the technological progress and the expansion of application fields, the market prospect of o-chlorophenol will be broader and become an indispensable part of the chemical industry.