[Chemical Knowledge]：The nature, use, upstream and downstream raw materials, storage method of o-nitrochlorobenzene chloride, safety technical specification of o-nitrochlorobenzene chloride

o-Nitrochlorobenzene Properties, Uses, Upstream and Downstream Raw Materials and Storage Method Analysis

Nature

Ortho-nitrochlorobenzene (2-nitrochlorobenzene, ONCB) is an organic compound with the chemical formula C6H4ClNO2. It presents a pale yellow to light brown crystalline form. Because of its molecular structure contains chlorine atoms and nitro, it has relatively high chemical stability and reactivity. At room temperature, o-nitrochlorobenzene has low volatility, but it will decompose at high temperature. Its melting point is about 33.5 ° C, boiling point is 245 ° C, and the solubility in water is low, but soluble in ethanol, ether and other organic solvents.

Use

Ortho-nitrobenzene chloride is widely used in chemical industry. The main uses include:

1. Dye industry: o-nitrochlorobenzene is an important intermediate in the manufacture of dyes, especially in the synthesis of azo dyes, anthraquinone dyes and sulfur dyes.

2. Pesticides: As an intermediate in the synthesis of pesticides, o-nitrochlorobenzene can be used in the manufacture of herbicides, pesticides and other pesticide products.

3. Medicine: In the pharmaceutical industry, it is a synthetic precursor for many drug molecules, such as antibacterial drugs and anticancer drugs.

4. Other chemicals: o-nitrochlorobenzene is also used in the synthesis of other fine chemical products, such as rubber additives, coating additives, etc.

Upstream raw materials

The production of o-nitrochlorobenzene depends on a variety of upstream feedstocks and intermediate chemicals. Its main production materials include:

1. Benzene: Benzene is the basic raw material of o-nitrobenzene chloride, which can be obtained by nitration and chlorination reaction. Benzene is usually separated and extracted from the reforming cracking gas in the petroleum refining process.

2. Concentrated nitric acid: As a nitrating agent, concentrated nitric acid is used to nitrate benzene to generate nitrobenzene. This step is the preliminary reaction for the production of o-nitrochlorobenzene.

3. Concentrated sulfuric acid: Concentrated sulfuric acid is often used as a catalyst and dehydrating agent for the nitration reaction to promote the formation of nitrobenzene.

4. Chlorine gas: after the formation of nitrobenzene, chlorine atoms are introduced by chlorination reaction, and finally ortho-nitrochlorobenzene is generated.

Downstream Products

As an intermediate, o-nitrochlorobenzene can be further converted into a variety of downstream products, which are widely used in various fields:

1. Dyes and pigments: Through complex chemical reactions, various dye molecules can be generated for coloring in textiles, leather and other industries.

2. Pesticide products: o-nitrochlorobenzene can further synthesize a variety of high-efficiency, low-toxicity pesticides to ensure the safety and efficiency of agricultural production.

3. Drugs: Through chemical synthesis and modification, drug molecules with specific biological activities can be obtained for the treatment of various diseases.

Production process

The production process of o-nitrochlorobenzene is usually divided into two main steps: nitration reaction and chlorination reaction.

1. Nitration reaction: benzene is mixed with concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid for nitration reaction to generate nitrobenzene. This reaction needs to be carried out under controlled temperature and pressure conditions to avoid side reactions.

2. Chlorination reaction: the reaction of the generated nitrobenzene and chlorine gas, under the action of the catalyst, chlorine gas is introduced into the benzene ring to generate o-nitrochlorobenzene. This reaction requires strict control of the amount of chlorine and reaction temperature to ensure the purity and yield of the product.

storage method

Because o-nitrochlorobenzene has certain toxicity and corrosiveness, its storage requires strict conditions:

1. Sealed storage: o-nitrochlorobenzene should be stored in a sealed container to prevent volatilization and leakage.

2. Fire and explosion -proof: The compound is flammable, and the storage area should be equipped with fire-proof equipment, and away from fire sources and high temperature environments.

3. Avoid light storage: light may cause o-nitrochlorobenzene decomposition, so should avoid direct sunlight, the best storage in a cool, dry environment.

4. Good ventilation: The storage area should be well ventilated to prevent poisoning or explosion hazards caused by vapor accumulation.

5. Safety identification: the container shall be clearly labeled with the name, nature, precautions and emergency treatment measures of o-nitrochlorobenzene.

Safety and environmental protection

During the production, transportation and storage of o-nitrochlorobenzene, safety and environmental protection regulations must be strictly observed:

1. Protective measures: Operators should wear protective clothing, gloves and goggles to avoid direct contact with chemicals.

2. Leakage treatment: If leakage occurs, it should be quickly ventilated and treated with adsorption materials (such as sand) to avoid diffusion.

3. Waste treatment: Waste o-nitrochlorobenzene and its containers shall be properly treated in accordance with hazardous waste treatment regulations to avoid environmental pollution.

Market Prospects

With the continuous development of dyes, pesticides and pharmaceutical industries, the demand for o-nitrochlorobenzene is expected to continue to grow. The increasingly strict environmental protection laws and regulations also put forward higher requirements for its production. Manufacturers need to continuously improve their technical level, reduce environmental pollution, and achieve sustainable development.

Ortho-nitrochlorobenzene is an important chemical intermediate, and its properties determine its broad application prospects. By optimizing the production process and strict safety management, the production efficiency and safety can be effectively improved to meet the market demand.