[Chemical Knowledge]：The nature, use, upstream and downstream raw materials, storage methods of diammonium phosphate, commonly known as diammonium phosphate

Diammonium Phosphate Properties

Diammonium phosphate (DAP,Diammonium Phosphate) is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula (NH4)2HPO4. It presents a white crystalline powder, soluble in water, with weak alkaline. In solution, it dissociates into ammonium ions (NH4 +) and dihydrogen phosphate ions (HPO4 ^ 2-). Due to its high solubility and stability, diammonium phosphate has an important position in agricultural and industrial applications. Its physical properties make it suitable as a fertilizer ingredient and easy to handle and store.

Diammonium phosphate use

Agricultural use

Diammonium phosphate is widely used in agriculture, especially as a highly efficient phosphate and nitrogen fertilizer. DAP contains 18% nitrogen and 46% phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5), which makes it a high-concentration nitrogen-phosphorus compound fertilizer. Farmers often use it to increase the nutrient content of the soil, thereby promoting crop growth and increasing yield. Diammonium phosphate is particularly important in the early stages of plant growth because phosphorus plays a key role in root development.

Industrial use

In industry, diammonium phosphate is used as an ingredient in flame retardant, buffer, and detergent formulations. Its flame retardant properties have led to its application in the manufacture of fireproof materials and fabrics. As a buffer, DAP can adjust the pH value of the solution and is widely used in the pharmaceutical, food processing and chemical industries.

Upstream raw materials

The production of diammonium phosphate requires two main raw materials: ammonia and phosphoric acid.

Ammonia

Ammonia (NH3) is a colorless, pungent-smelling gas, usually synthesized from nitrogen and hydrogen by the Haber process. Ammonia is one of the basic raw materials for the production of nitrogen fertilizers. Its preparation process requires a lot of energy and depends on natural gas or coal as a raw material source.

phosphoric acid

Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) is usually processed from phosphate rock. Phosphate rock is treated with sulfuric acid to produce phosphoric acid, which is then purified to meet the requirements of industrial applications. The main source countries of phosphate ore include China, Morocco and the United States, which are rich in phosphate ore resources.

Downstream Products and Applications

As an intermediate product, diammonium phosphate has a wide range of downstream applications. In addition to its direct use as a fertilizer, it can be further processed into other phosphorus-containing compounds such as monoammonium phosphate (MAP,Monoammonium Phosphate) and various phosphates. In the pharmaceutical and food industries, DAP is used as an additive and nutritional supplement. In the environmental protection industry, it is used as a water treatment chemical to remove heavy metal ions from wastewater.

DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE PRODUCTION PROCESS

The production of diammonium phosphate is typically achieved by reacting ammonia gas and phosphoric acid under specific conditions. The reaction is carried out in a continuously stirred reactor and the resulting product is cooled and crystallized, then dried and sieved to give the finished diammonium phosphate. The whole process requires strict control of temperature, pressure and concentration of reactants to ensure the purity and quality of the product.

Diammonium Phosphate Storage Method

Diammonium phosphate needs to pay attention to the following points during storage:

Moisture-proof

Diammonium phosphate is highly hygroscopic and therefore must be kept dry during storage. Storage facilities should have good moisture-proof performance, to avoid the product moisture agglomeration, thus affecting the use effect.

Ventilation

The storage environment should be well ventilated to prevent the accumulation of ammonia. Although diammonium phosphate itself is stable, under high temperature and high humidity conditions, a small amount of ammonia may be released. Good ventilation can reduce this risk.

FIRE PROTECTION

Diammonium phosphate itself is not flammable, but contact with certain organic materials may form a flammable mixture, so it should be stored and handled away from ignition and flammable materials.

Environmental and safety considerations

Attention should be paid to environmental protection and safe operation during the production and use of diammonium phosphate. The treatment of waste water and waste gas must comply with environmental regulations to prevent environmental pollution. Workers should wear protective equipment when handling diammonium phosphate to avoid inhaling dust or contact with skin to ensure safe operation.

Market Prospects

As an important agricultural fertilizer, the market demand of diammonium phosphate is closely related to the development of agriculture. As the global population grows and food demand increases, the market demand for DAP is expected to continue to grow. Especially in developing countries, the increase in agricultural production efficiency will further promote the demand for high-efficiency fertilizers. The increasingly stringent environmental regulations will also encourage companies to improve production processes and reduce environmental impact, thereby promoting the sustainable development of the diammonium phosphate market.

Conclusion

As an important inorganic compound, diammonium phosphate has a wide range of applications. Its good physical and chemical properties make it occupy an important position in agriculture and industry. The supply of upstream raw materials and the wide application of downstream products ensure the market demand for diammonium phosphate. In the future, with the development of agriculture and environmental protection, the market prospect of diammonium phosphate will be broader. By improving the storage and processing methods, enterprises can further improve the use efficiency of diammonium phosphate, reduce environmental impact, and promote the sustainable development of the chemical industry.