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Calcium hydroxide, chemical formula for Ca(OH), also known as hydrated lime or hydrated lime, is an inorganic compound. It is white powder or colorless crystal at room temperature, with strong alkaline, soluble in water, the formation of lime water, slightly soluble in ethanol. Calcium hydroxide has a molar mass of 74.09g/mol, a density of 2.211g/cm³ and a melting point of about 580°C. The solubility in water decreases with increasing temperature because the dissolution reaction of calcium hydroxide is exothermic. Its aqueous solution is strongly alkaline and can react with acid to generate the corresponding salt and water.
Calcium hydroxide is widely used in many industries and has important industrial value. In the construction industry, it is used as the main component of cement and lime mortar, playing the role of bonding and filling. In the water treatment industry, calcium hydroxide is used to neutralize acidic wastewater, soften water and remove heavy metal ions. In the field of agriculture, it is used as a soil conditioner to adjust the pH of the soil and improve soil fertility. In chemical production, calcium hydroxide is an important raw material for the production of calcium chloride, magnesium hydroxide and other compounds. It is also used in the food industry as a food additive (E526), acting as a stabilizer and coagulant.
The production of calcium hydroxide is mainly obtained by calcining limestone (calcium carbonate). Limestone decomposes at high temperatures to form calcium oxide (quicklime) and carbon dioxide gas. The calcium oxide then reacts with water to form calcium hydroxide, a process known as the ripening reaction. The upstream raw materials are mainly high-purity limestone, while the downstream products include calcium chloride, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide and other compounds. Calcium hydroxide can also be further processed into calcium hydroxide slurry or high purity calcium hydroxide powder to meet the needs of different application fields.
The production process of calcium hydroxide mainly includes two stages: limestone calcination and aging reaction. The limestone is calcined at a high temperature above 1000°C to decompose it to form calcium oxide and carbon dioxide. Next, the produced calcium oxide is added to water to cause an exothermic reaction to produce calcium hydroxide. This process requires strict control of reaction conditions, such as temperature, amount of water and reaction time, to ensure the purity and quality of the product. In modern industry, by improving the calciner and reaction equipment, the production efficiency and product quality can be greatly improved.
Because calcium hydroxide has strong alkalinity, and easily absorbs moisture and reacts with carbon dioxide in the air to form calcium carbonate, its storage requires special attention. Calcium hydroxide should be stored in a dry, well-ventilated warehouse to avoid moisture. Storage containers shall be plastic bags or paper bags with good tightness and placed on wooden pallets to avoid direct contact with the ground. The storage area should be kept away from acidic substances and other substances prone to chemical reactions to prevent cross-contamination. For long-term storage, packaging integrity and product quality should be checked regularly to ensure that its performance is not affected.
Although calcium hydroxide is widely used in industry and agriculture, its strong alkalinity also brings some safety and environmental problems. Wear protective gloves and goggles during operation to avoid direct contact with skin and eyes to prevent burns. When dealing with waste, attention should be paid to neutralization treatment to prevent its pollution to water and soil. During the production and transportation of calcium hydroxide, dust prevention measures should be taken to reduce the impact of dust on the environment and workers. Through reasonable management and control, the negative impact of calcium hydroxide on the environment and health can be reduced.
With the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization, the market demand for calcium hydroxide has shown a steady growth trend. Especially in the fields of water treatment, construction and agriculture, its application prospects are broad. The increasingly stringent environmental regulations have also prompted various industries to increase the demand for calcium hydroxide to meet the requirements of wastewater treatment and pollution control. In the future, with the progress of technology and the development of new applications, the market prospect of calcium hydroxide will be broader. Enterprises need to continuously improve product quality and production efficiency to maintain market competitiveness.
As an important inorganic compound, calcium hydroxide has a wide range of applications and important industrial value. Through scientific production technology and strict quality control, high-purity, high-quality calcium hydroxide can be produced to meet the needs of various industries. In the use and storage process, pay attention to safety and environmental protection issues, to ensure that it brings economic benefits to reduce the negative impact on the environment and health. With the growth of market demand and technological progress, the application prospect of calcium hydroxide will be broader and the industry has great development potential.
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