[Chemical Knowledge]：Properties, uses, upstream and downstream raw materials, storage methods, tert-amyl alcohol standard substance

Tertiary Amyl Alcohol Basic Properties

Tertiary amyl alcohol (Tert-Amyl Alcohol, TAA), with the chemical formula C5H12O, is a primary alcohol with a three-carbon skeleton. Its molecular structure is (CH3)2C(OH)CH2CH3, showing high polarity and good solubility. Tert-amyl alcohol is a colorless liquid at room temperature and pressure, with a distinct alcohol odor, with a boiling point of about 102°C and a density of about 0.805g/cm³. The solubility in water is low, but it is miscible with most organic solvents such as ethanol, ether and chloroform. These physical properties give t-amyl alcohol an advantage in a number of chemical applications.

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF TERT-AMYL ALCOHOL

Tert-amyl alcohol has typical alcohol chemical properties, such as oxidation reaction, esterification reaction and dehydration reaction. Under appropriate conditions, t-amyl alcohol can be oxidized to generate the corresponding ketones or acids; esterification with acids to generate esters; in the presence of dehydrating agents, the corresponding olefins can be generated. These reaction characteristics make it widely used as an important intermediate and reagent in organic synthesis.

Tertiary amyl alcohol use

Because of its unique chemical properties and solubility, tert-amyl alcohol has been widely used in many fields. In organic synthesis, tert-amyl alcohol is widely used as a solvent and intermediate, especially in the pharmaceutical industry, for the synthesis of pharmaceutical intermediates. Tert-amyl alcohol is used as a solvent in the coating and paint industry, which can effectively improve the fluidity and uniformity of the coating. Tert-amyl alcohol is also used in the manufacture of flavors and fragrances, as it imparts a unique flavor and volatility to the product. In the laboratory, tert-amyl alcohol is often used as extraction solvent and reaction medium.

Tert-amyl alcohol upstream feedstock

The production of tert-amyl alcohol involves a variety of upstream feedstocks, mainly including isopentene (Isopentene) and isopentane (Isopentane). Among them, isopentene can be obtained by the separation of petroleum pyrolysis gas, and can also be prepared by the isomerization reaction of butene. Isopentane, on the other hand, is part of the petroleum fraction and can be separated by distillation. These feedstocks have a wide range of sources and supply channels in the petrochemical industry, providing a reliable basis for the production of tert-amyl alcohol.

Tert-amyl alcohol downstream products

As an important organic chemical raw material, tert-amyl alcohol has a wide range of downstream products. Tert-amyl alcohol can be used to prepare a variety of pharmaceutical intermediates, such as anesthetics, sedatives and antibiotics. Tert-amyl alcohol is used in the fragrance and fragrance industry to synthesize various compounds with special fragrance. Tert-amyl alcohol can also be used to produce chemical products such as coating additives, detergents and plastic additives. These downstream products have a wide range of applications and market demand in various industries.

Tertiary Amyl Alcohol Production Process

At present, the production of tert-amyl alcohol mainly uses two processes: catalytic hydrogenation and acid catalytic hydration. The catalytic hydrogenation process generates tert-amyl alcohol by reacting isopentene with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst; the acid catalytic hydration process generates tert-amyl alcohol by reacting isopentene with water in the presence of an acid catalyst. The two processes have their own advantages and disadvantages. The former has mild reaction conditions, higher product purity, but higher cost; the latter has faster reaction rate and lower cost, but more by-products, which need to be further refined.

Tert-amyl alcohol storage method

Since tert-amyl alcohol is a flammable liquid, its storage requires special attention to safety. The container for storage of t-amyl alcohol shall be a well sealed, fire and explosion proof container, preferably made of metal material, and far away from fire and heat sources. The storage environment should be kept cool and ventilated, and avoid direct sunlight. Third, the storage area should be equipped with fire protection equipment, such as fire extinguishers, sandboxes, etc., to deal with possible fire risks. The storage area of tert-amyl alcohol should set up obvious warning signs of flammable liquid, and formulate emergency treatment plan to ensure the safety of personnel and environment.

Tertiary Amyl Alcohol Safety and Environmental Protection

When using and handling tert-amyl alcohol, special attention should be paid to its safety and environmental impact. Tert-amyl alcohol is irritating to the skin and eyes, and inhalation of its vapor may cause dizziness, nausea and other symptoms. Therefore, protective equipment, such as gloves, goggles and masks, should be worn when handling tert-amyl alcohol. For the environment, tert-amyl alcohol may be toxic to aquatic organisms, so waste disposal should follow environmental protection regulations and avoid direct discharge into water bodies. Professional wastewater treatment process should be adopted to ensure that the content of tert-amyl alcohol in wastewater meets environmental protection standards.

Tertiary Amyl Alcohol Market Analysis

With the continuous development of the global chemical industry, the market demand for tert-amyl alcohol is also increasing year by year. Especially in the pharmaceutical, paint and fragrance industries, the demand for high purity tert-amyl alcohol is increasing. Asia, especially China and India, as important bases for global chemical production, has a large demand for tert-amyl alcohol and its production capacity is gradually increasing. Market competition is also increasingly fierce, enterprises need to improve market competitiveness through technological innovation and cost control. With the increasingly stringent environmental protection policies, enterprises need to pay more attention to green and sustainable development in the production process.

Conclusion

As an important organic chemical raw material, tert-amyl alcohol has broad application prospects and market potential. Its unique physical and chemical properties make it play an important role in many fields. The production and use of tert-amyl alcohol also requires safety and environmental challenges. In the future, with the continuous progress of technology and the change of market demand, t-amyl alcohol industry will usher in more development opportunities and challenges. Enterprises need to continuously improve product quality and production efficiency through technological innovation and fine management to meet the dual requirements of the market and the environment.