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[Chemical Knowledge]：Difference between benzoic acid and benzoyl chloride

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Benzoic acid and benzoyl chloride are benzyl compounds, but they have obvious differences in chemical structure, use and properties.

first from the chemical structure, benzoic acid is an organic acid, its molecular structure contains a carboxyl group (COOH), and benzoyl chloride is an organic chloride, its molecular structure contains a carbonyl chloride (COCl). Due to the differences in their structures, their properties are also different.

benzoic acid is white crystal at room temperature, with strong pungent odor, insoluble in water but soluble in ethanol, ether and other organic solvents. It is a weak acid that can react with bases to form the corresponding salts and with alkali metals to form the corresponding esters. Benzoic acid has strong bactericidal, antibacterial and antiseptic effects, and is widely used in the pharmaceutical and food industries.

In contrast, benzoyl chloride is a colorless, transparent liquid with a pungent odor that can be rapidly hydrolyzed to produce benzoic acid and hydrogen chloride. Benzoyl chloride has strong activity and reacts violently with a variety of substances, such as reacting with water to generate hydrogen chloride, reacting with alcohols to generate esters, and reacting with amines to generate amides. Therefore, benzoyl chloride is often used as organic synthesis and organic solvent.

In addition, benzoic acid and benzoyl chloride also differ in the field of application. Benzoic acid is mainly used in pharmaceutical, food, cosmetics, dyes and other industries, for sterilization, corrosion, seasoning and other purposes. Benzoyl chloride is widely used in the field of organic synthesis, often used in esterification, acylation, chlorination and other organic synthesis reactions.

In summary, benzoic acid and benzoyl chloride have obvious differences in chemical structure, use and properties. Understanding the difference between them helps us to use and select these two compounds correctly and play their role in different fields.

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