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[Chemical Knowledge]：Understand the principle of extractive distillation and master efficient experimental skills

Read： 283 Time：20months ago Source：Transform the World with Simplicity

Extractive distillation is a chemical separation technology that uses the principle of different boiling points of different substances to separate different components in a mixture. There are many methods of extractive distillation, such as water vapor, alcohol, ether, extractant, etc. Different extraction methods can be selected according to the experimental needs. The principle of

extractive distillation is based on the physical property that different components in a mixture have different boiling points. Low-boiling components can be separated by the action of heat and steam. In the experiment, the extractive distillation operation is usually carried out with a device of 1‰ mm mercury (Torr) and a three-way condenser tube.

operation of extractive distillation technology, we must pay attention to the following aspects:

1. choose the right extractant

different substances have different chemical properties, so in the choice of extractant, we must consider the nature of each component in the mixture. The selected extractant must have a good affinity with the components to be separated, otherwise it will affect the effect of the experiment.

2. Master the heating temperature

extractive distillation requires a temperature higher than the boiling point of the sample, but not too high, otherwise the sample will decompose. The heating temperature needs to be determined according to the specific experimental conditions and sample characteristics. It is recommended to do several more tests in the experiment to gradually familiarize yourself with the influence of the heating temperature on the experimental results.

3. Requirements for condensing water The process of

extractive distillation requires a large amount of condensing water, because the boiling points of different components require condensing water at different temperatures to condense it. Therefore, during the experimental operation, it is necessary to correspond to different condensing water, so as to ensure that the water vapor at different temperatures can be condensed quickly.

4. Treatment of wastewater after the experiment

After the experiment will produce a large number of chemical components of wastewater and waste, seriously affecting the water environment. Waste water and waste should be thoroughly treated before the experiment to avoid environmental pollution.

summarize the flexibility and efficiency of

extractive distillation technology, which makes it one of the irreplaceable technical means in chemical experiments. Mastering the principle and operation skills of extractive distillation can effectively improve the experimental efficiency and speed up the experimental process. It is hoped that readers can understand the principle of extractive distillation, master efficient experimental techniques, improve experimental efficiency and obtain better experimental results.