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[Chemical Knowledge]：Production and manufacturing method and process flow of benzene

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of Benzene Manufacturing Method
Benzene is an important chemical raw material, widely used in medicine, pesticides, dyes, spices and other fields. The manufacturing methods of benzene mainly include catalytic reforming method, pyrolysis gasoline method and coking method. This article will detail these three manufacturing methods.

1. Catalytic Reforming

Catalytic Reforming is a method of rearranging hydrocarbon molecules in naphtha through the action of a catalyst to produce aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene and toluene. This method has the advantages of high product purity and high yield, so it has been widely used in the manufacture of benzene.

1. Feedstock Preparation
Naphtha is the main feedstock for catalytic reforming, which contains alkanes, cycloalkanes and a small amount of aromatic hydrocarbons. In order to make the reaction more smoothly, it is necessary to pretreat the naphtha to remove impurities such as sulfur and nitrogen.
2. Catalytic reforming
Under the action of catalyst, the hydrocarbon molecules in naphtha are rearranged to generate aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene and toluene. Commonly used catalysts are noble metal catalysts such as platinum and rhodium. The reaction temperature is generally 450-550°C and the pressure is 1-3MPa.
3. Product separation
After the reaction product is cooled and condensed, aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene and toluene are separated from unreacted hydrocarbons by distillation and other methods. The purity of the benzene product obtained is generally above 99.5%.

2. Pyrolysis Gasoline

Pyrolysis Gasoline is a method of producing olefins and aromatics by cracking naphtha or heavy hydrocarbons at high temperature. The product yield of this method is high, but the purity is relatively low.

1. Feedstock Preparation
Naphtha or heavy hydrocarbons are the main feedstocks for the pyrolysis gasoline process. In order to improve the cracking effect, it is necessary to pretreat the raw materials, such as desulfurization and denitrification.
2. High-temperature cracking
Under high-temperature conditions, hydrocarbon molecules in the feedstock undergo cracking reactions to produce olefins and aromatics. The cracking temperature is generally 700-800 ℃, normal pressure or slightly negative pressure conditions.
3. Product separation
After the cracking products are cooled and condensed, olefins and aromatics are separated by distillation and other methods. The purity of the benzene product obtained is generally between 95% and 98%.

3. coking method

coking method is a method of generating aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene and toluene by heating coal tar at high temperature to cause pyrolysis and condensation reactions. The method has a wide range of raw materials, but the product purity is low.

1. Raw material preparation
Coal tar is the main raw material of coking method, which contains a large number of aromatic hydrocarbons. In order to improve product quality, it is necessary to pretreat coal tar, such as dehydration and impurity removal.
2. High-temperature heating
Under high-temperature conditions, aromatic hydrocarbons in coal tar undergo pyrolysis and condensation reactions to generate aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene and toluene. The heating temperature is generally 450-550°C.
3. Product separation
After the reaction product is cooled and condensed, aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene and toluene are separated from unreacted coal tar by distillation and other methods. The purity of the benzene product obtained is generally between 90% and 95%.

the above three methods can be used for the manufacture of benzene, but according to the source of raw materials, product purity and yield and other factors, different methods are suitable for different production scenarios. In actual production, a suitable method can be selected according to the specific situation for the manufacture of benzene.

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