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[Chemical Knowledge]：Manufacturing method and process of glacial acetic acid

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The manufacturing method
of glacial acetic acid
glacial acetic acid, also known as pure acetic acid or acetic acid, is an important organic chemical raw material, widely used in the production of many chemicals. A method for producing glacial acetic acid will be described in detail below.

1. Acetaldehyde oxidation

Acetaldehyde oxidation is the main method for the production of glacial acetic acid, and its production process includes two main steps: acetaldehyde oxidation and oxidation product refining.

1. Acetaldehyde Oxidation

In the presence of a catalyst, acetaldehyde reacts with air or oxygen to produce acetic acid. This reaction is exothermic and requires strict control of the reaction temperature to avoid overheating and side reactions. Commonly used catalysts are manganese acetate, cobalt acetate and the like.

2. Refined
of oxidation products The products obtained from the
oxidation reaction contain water, acetic acid, acetaldehyde, etc., and pure glacial acetic acid needs to be obtained through the refining process. The purification methods generally used include distillation, extraction, and the like.

2. low-carbon hydrocarbon oxidation method

low-carbon hydrocarbon oxidation method is based on low-carbon hydrocarbons (such as methane, ethane, etc.) as raw materials, through the oxidation reaction to produce acetic acid. The method is divided into one-step and two-step methods.

1. One-step

In the one-step process, low-carbon hydrocarbons are directly oxidized to acetic acid. This reaction needs to be carried out at high temperature and high pressure, and requires the use of a noble metal catalyst.

2. Two-step

The two-step method first oxidizes low-carbon hydrocarbons to acetaldehyde, and then acetaldehyde is oxidized to acetic acid. The process conditions are relatively mild and non-noble metal catalysts can be used.

3. ethanol oxidation method

ethanol oxidation method is based on ethanol as raw material, through the oxidation reaction to produce acetic acid. Commonly used oxidants are oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, etc. This process usually requires the presence of a catalyst, such as copper, silver, etc.

The three main methods of manufacturing glacial acetic acid are described above, each of which has its own characteristics and applications. In actual production, it is necessary to choose the appropriate method according to the source of raw materials, production cost, environmental protection requirements and other factors.

No matter which method is used, the manufacture of glacial acetic acid needs to strictly comply with safety production regulations to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the production process. At the same time, the waste and by-products in the production process also need to be treated and used reasonably to reduce the impact on the environment.

In general, the manufacture of glacial acetic acid is a complex project that requires comprehensive consideration of multiple factors, including raw material sources, production costs, environmental protection requirements, and technical levels. Only through continuous research and practice can we continuously improve the production efficiency and quality of glacial acetic acid and meet the needs of chemical production.

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