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[Chemical Knowledge]：Production and manufacturing method and process flow of o-nitroaniline

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The manufacturing method
of ortho-nitroaniline
1. Introduction

Ortho-nitroaniline is an important organic chemical raw material, widely used in dyes, pharmaceuticals, pesticides and other fields. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the manufacturing method of o-nitroaniline for improving production efficiency, reducing cost and improving product quality. This article will introduce the manufacturing method of o-nitroaniline, including raw material preparation, reaction conditions, operation steps, etc.

2. raw material preparation

The main raw materials for the manufacture of o-nitroaniline are aniline and nitric acid. Aniline is a colorless or yellowish liquid with a peculiar odor. Nitric acid is a strong acid with strong oxidizing and corrosive properties. In the preparation of o-nitroaniline, aniline and nitric acid need to be mixed according to a certain ratio, usually the molar ratio is 1:1.2-1.5.

3. reaction conditions

The preparation of o-nitroaniline needs to be carried out under certain conditions of temperature, pressure and acidity. Usually, the reaction temperature is 50-60 ° C., the reaction pressure is 0.8-1.0MPa, and the acidity is controlled at pH 2-3. Under such conditions, aniline and nitric acid can be nitrated to produce o-nitroaniline.

4. Operation Steps

1. Add aniline to the reaction kettle, start the stirrer, and keep the stirring speed uniform.
2. Gradually add nitric acid into the reaction kettle to control the dropping speed so that the reaction temperature does not exceed 60 ℃.
3. After the dropwise addition is completed, continue stirring for a period of time to allow the reaction to proceed fully.
4. After completion of the reaction, the reaction solution was cooled to room temperature to precipitate crystals of o-nitroaniline.
5. Filter, wash and dry to obtain the pure o-nitroaniline product.
Precautions for
5.

1. During operation, the reaction temperature and pressure should be strictly controlled to prevent the reaction from getting out of control.
2. Nitric acid is highly corrosive and protective measures should be taken to avoid contact with skin.
3. In the precipitation of o-nitroaniline crystals, slow cooling should be adopted to avoid product agglomeration.

6. yield and purity

The yield and purity of o-nitroaniline are affected by many factors, such as raw material quality, reaction conditions, operation technology and so on. In actual production, the yield and purity of the product should be improved by optimizing the process parameters and improving the operation level. In general, the yield of o-nitroaniline can reach more than 80%, and the purity can reach more than 98%.

7. waste treatment

in the process of manufacturing o-nitroaniline, will produce some waste, such as waste acid, waste water and so on. These wastes should be disposed of properly to avoid environmental pollution. Commonly used methods include neutralization treatment, biological treatment, physicochemical treatment and the like.

8. conclusion

o-nitroaniline is an important organic chemical raw material, and its manufacturing method involves many links and precautions. In actual production, it should be carried out in strict accordance with the operating procedures to ensure the quality and safety of the products. At the same time, waste disposal should be strengthened to protect the environment. By continuously optimizing the process parameters and improving the operation level, the yield and purity of o-nitroaniline can be further improved, the production cost can be reduced, and greater economic and social benefits can be created for the enterprise.

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