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[Chemical Knowledge]：Production and manufacturing method and process flow of p-nitrochlorobenzene

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1. of the manufacturing method
of p-nitrobenzene chloride Introduction

p-nitrobenzene chloride is an important raw material for chemical production, which is widely used in dyes, medicine, pesticides and other fields. This article will introduce the manufacturing method of p-nitrochlorobenzene, including raw material preparation, reaction process, post-treatment and so on.

2. raw material preparation

The main raw materials for the manufacture of p-nitrochlorobenzene are benzene, nitric acid and chlorine. Among them, benzene shall be of industrial grade purity, nitric acid shall be dilute nitric acid, and chlorine gas shall be of industrial grade. Before feeding, the quality inspection of raw materials is required to ensure compliance with relevant standards.

3. reaction process

1. Nitration reaction
In the nitration reactor, benzene and dilute nitric acid are mixed according to a certain proportion, heated to a certain temperature, and add an appropriate amount of catalyst for nitration reaction. Nitration produces nitrobenzene and water. The temperature, acidity and the amount of catalyst need to be controlled during the reaction to ensure the nitration reaction and the quality of the product.

2. Chlorination reaction
Nitrobenzene and chlorine gas are mixed in a certain proportion, added into the chlorination reactor, heated to a certain temperature, and chlorination reaction is carried out. The chlorination reaction produces p-nitrochlorobenzene and hydrogen chloride gas. It is necessary to control the temperature and the flow rate of chlorine during the reaction to avoid side reactions.

4. post-treatment

1. cooling crystallization
The reaction solution is cooled to a certain temperature, and p-nitrochlorobenzene crystals are precipitated. The cooling speed and temperature need to be controlled during the cooling process to avoid uneven crystallization or too fine crystallization.

2. Filtration Washing
The crystallized material was filtered to obtain p-nitrochlorobenzene crystals and a mother liquor. The crystals are washed with an appropriate amount of detergent to remove impurities attached to the surface.

3. Drying and packaging
The washed crystals of p-nitrochlorobenzene are dried and then packaged to obtain the final product.

5. Precautions

1. In the manufacturing process, safety operation procedures should be strictly observed to avoid accidents such as fires and explosions.

2. The waste gas and waste water produced should be properly treated to avoid pollution to the environment.

6. conclusion The manufacturing method of

p-nitrochlorobenzene includes raw material preparation, nitration reaction, chlorination reaction and post-treatment. In the manufacturing process, the process parameters should be strictly controlled to ensure product quality and production safety. At the same time, the waste generated should be properly disposed of to protect the environment and ecological balance.

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