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[Chemical Knowledge]：The production and manufacturing method and process of 3-nitro-orthoxylene.

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3-Nitro-o-xylene (3-Nitro-o-xylene) is an important raw material for chemical production, which is widely used in dyes, pharmaceuticals, pesticides and other fields. This article will introduce a common manufacturing method of 3-nitro-orthoxylene.

1. raw materials and equipment

1. raw materials: o-xylene, mixed acid (mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid)
2. equipment: reactor, cooler, separator, scrubber, dryer and other

2. manufacturing steps

1. ingredients: o-xylene and mixed acid according to a certain proportion into the reactor. Generally, the molar ratio of o-xylene to mixed acid is from 1:1.2 to 1.5.
2. Reaction: heating to a certain temperature in the reaction kettle, the nitration reaction of o-xylene and mixed acid. The reaction temperature is generally 120-140°C and the reaction time is about 4-6 hours. During the reaction, constant stirring is required to ensure a homogeneous reaction.
3. Cooling and separation: After the reaction is completed, the reaction solution is cooled to room temperature, and then crude 3-nitro-o-xylene and waste acid are separated by a separator.
4. Washing: The crude 3-nitro-o-xylene is washed with an alkaline absorbing solution to remove the remaining acidic substances.
5. Drying: After the washing is completed, the crude 3-nitro-o-xylene product is dried with a drying agent to obtain a dry 3-nitro-o-xylene product.
Precautions for
3.

1. During the operation, it is necessary to pay attention to control the reaction temperature and time to ensure the smooth progress of the reaction.
2. Waste acid needs to be treated to meet environmental standards before it can be discharged to avoid environmental pollution.
3. In the production process, it is necessary to strictly abide by the safety operation procedures to ensure the personal safety of employees.

4. Yield and Purity

The yield of this manufacturing method is generally 80-90%, and the purity can reach more than 98%. The yield and purity are affected by the quality of raw materials, reaction conditions, equipment performance and other factors.

5. optimization and improvement

In order to improve the yield and purity of 3-nitro-o-xylene, the manufacturing method can be optimized and improved. For example, the efficiency and selectivity of the reaction can be improved by optimizing parameters such as the ratio of ingredients, reaction temperature and time, adopting more advanced separation and purification technology to improve the purity of the product, and strengthening the maintenance and maintenance of equipment to reduce failures and losses in the production process.

6. Environmental Protection and Safety

In the process of manufacturing 3-nitroorthoxylene, it is necessary to strictly abide by environmental protection and safety regulations to ensure that the production process will not cause harm to the environment and employees. For example, waste acid needs to be treated to meet environmental standards before it can be discharged; employees need to wear protective equipment to avoid direct contact with harmful substances.

In short, 3-nitro-o-xylene is an important raw material for chemical production, and its manufacturing method involves multiple links and precautions. By optimizing manufacturing methods and strengthening environmental and safety management, the yield and purity of products can be improved, while reducing the impact on the environment and employees.

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