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[Chemical Knowledge]：Production and manufacturing method and process flow of sodium nitrate

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The manufacturing method
of sodium nitrate
Sodium nitrate is an important inorganic chemical raw material, which is widely used in chemical fertilizer, gunpowder, glass, dye and other fields. This paper will introduce the manufacturing methods of sodium nitrate, including neutralization method, conversion method and ion exchange method.

1. neutralization method

neutralization method is one of the main methods for the production of sodium nitrate, the principle is to use nitric acid and sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate, sodium nitrate and water. The specific steps are as follows:

1. add sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate to water to prepare a solution with a certain concentration.
2. Nitric acid is added to the solution, and the reaction temperature is controlled at 50-60 ° C. while stirring to allow the reaction to proceed sufficiently.
3. After completion of the reaction, impurities were removed by filtration to obtain a sodium nitrate solution.
4. The sodium nitrate solution is evaporated and concentrated, cooled and crystallized, centrifuged and dried to obtain the finished product of sodium nitrate.
the production process of
neutralization is simple and easy to operate, it should be noted that the pH value and temperature of the solution need to be controlled during the reaction to ensure product quality and yield. In addition, the wastewater produced by this method contains nitric acid and sodium salts, which need to be treated to meet environmental requirements.

2. Conversion

Conversion is a process for producing sodium nitrate by converting ammonium nitrate to sodium nitrate. The specific steps are as follows:

1. add water to ammonium nitrate to prepare a solution with a certain concentration.
2. Add an appropriate amount of sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate into the solution to convert ammonium ions into sodium ions and generate sodium nitrate at the same time.
3. After completion of the reaction, impurities were removed by filtration to obtain a sodium nitrate solution.
4. The sodium nitrate solution is evaporated and concentrated, cooled and crystallized, centrifuged and dried to obtain the finished product of sodium nitrate. The advantage of

conversion method is that it can use the waste in the production of ammonium nitrate, reduce environmental pollution, and reduce production costs. However, this method needs to control the reaction conditions and the amount of alkali added to ensure the product quality and yield.

3. ion exchange method

ion exchange method is the use of ion exchanger in the ion exchange with the ion in the solution, so as to achieve the purpose of separation and purification. In the manufacture of sodium nitrate, an ion exchange process may be used to separate sodium nitrate from the mixed salt solution. The specific steps are as follows:

1. The mixed salt solution is passed through an exchange column filled with a cation exchanger, and the cation (such as Na) in the solution is exchanged with the H in the exchanger to generate nitric acid and the corresponding metal salt.
2. mix the obtained nitric acid solution with an appropriate amount of sodium hydroxide solution, and make the nitric acid react with sodium hydroxide to generate sodium nitrate and water.
3. Through evaporation concentration, cooling crystallization, centrifugal separation and drying steps, sodium nitrate product is obtained.

ion exchange method has the advantages of simple operation, high product purity and good environmental protection, but the regeneration and consumption of ion exchangers require certain costs and maintenance.

To sum up, there are many manufacturing methods of sodium nitrate, and each method has its advantages and disadvantages and scope of application. In actual production, the appropriate manufacturing method should be selected according to the source of raw materials, product quality requirements, environmental protection requirements and production costs. At the same time, in order to ensure product quality and output, it is necessary to strictly control the production process and operating conditions.

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