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[Chemical Knowledge]：Manufacturing method and process of maleic acid

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The manufacturing method
of maleic acid
maleic acid, also known as maleic acid, is an important organic chemical raw material, widely used in the production of unsaturated polyester resin, pesticides, pharmaceutical intermediates and other fields. The manufacturing methods of maleic acid are mainly as follows:

1. petrochemical route

petrochemical route is based on benzene as raw material, through oxidation, carboxylation and other reactions to obtain maleic acid. The specific steps are as follows:

(1) Benzene oxidation: benzene and oxygen are oxidized under the action of a catalyst to generate maleic dialdehyde.

(2) hydrogenation of maleic dialdehyde: maleic dialdehyde is hydrogenated under the action of a catalyst to generate maleic acid. The advantages of

petrochemical route are that raw materials are easily available and the process is mature, but a large amount of waste and by-products will be produced in the production process, which will cause certain pollution to the environment.

2. biological fermentation route

biological fermentation route is to use microorganisms to ferment glucose and other carbon sources to generate maleic acid through metabolic pathways. The specific steps are as follows:

(1) strain culture: maleic acid producing bacteria are inoculated in a medium for culture.

(2) Fermentation: Under suitable conditions, microorganisms convert carbon sources such as glucose into maleic acid through metabolic pathways.

(3) Extraction and purification: Maleic acid is extracted and purified from the fermentation broth by ion exchange, crystallization and the like. The advantages of

biological fermentation route are environmental protection, energy saving, and renewable resources can be used, but the production process has high requirements for microbial strains, and it is necessary to maintain the stability and activity of the strains.

3. Chemical synthetic route

The chemical synthetic route is to convert the starting material into maleic acid by chemical reaction. Among them, a common synthesis method is to obtain maleic acid through the hydrolysis reaction of maleic anhydride. The specific steps are as follows:

(1) Preparation of maleic anhydride: Maleic anhydride is prepared by reacting phthalic anhydride with hydrogen peroxide.

(2) hydrolysis reaction: maleic anhydride is reacted with water to generate maleic acid. The advantage of

chemical synthesis route is that high purity maleic acid can be obtained by controlling the reaction conditions, but the production process requires a large number of chemical raw materials and catalysts, which has a certain impact on the environment.

In summary, there are many manufacturing methods of maleic acid, and each method has its advantages, disadvantages and scope of application. When choosing a manufacturing method, you need to consider comprehensively according to the actual situation and choose the method that best suits your own production needs. At the same time, with the continuous improvement of environmental awareness and technological progress, the future manufacturing methods of maleic acid will pay more attention to environmental protection, energy saving and sustainability.

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