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[Chemical Knowledge]：Production method and process of glycolic acid

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The manufacturing method
of glycolic acid
glycolic acid, also known as glycolic acid or glycolic acid, is an important organic chemical raw material, widely used in medicine, cosmetics, food and other industrial fields. Glycolic acid has excellent moisture retention, antiseptic properties, and acid regulation ability, and therefore, a production method thereof has attracted attention. This article will detail several main manufacturing methods of glycolic acid.

1. Chloroacetic acid
Chloroacetic acid is a commonly used method for the manufacture of glycolic acid. First, chloroacetic acid is reacted with sodium hydroxide to form sodium chloroacetate. Sodium chloroacetate is then reacted with water by heating and pressurizing to produce sodium glycolate and sodium chloride. Finally, sodium glycolate is converted to glycolic acid by an ion exchange or acidification reaction. This method has mild reaction conditions and simple operation, but a large amount of sodium chloride waste liquid will be produced in the production process, which needs to be properly treated.

2. Glyoxal
Glyoxal method is a relatively new method for the manufacture of glycolic acid. First, glyoxal is reacted with sodium hydroxide to produce sodium glyoxal. Sodium glyoxal then reacts with water under acidic conditions to produce glycolic acid. The advantages of this method are that the raw materials are readily available, the reaction conditions are mild, and less waste water is produced. However, the yield of this method is low, and further optimization is needed to improve the production efficiency.

3. Ethylene Oxidation Process
The ethylene oxidation process is a process in which glycolic acid is produced by direct oxidation of ethylene. First, ethylene and oxygen are subjected to an oxidation reaction under the action of a catalyst to produce acetaldehyde. Acetaldehyde then reacts with water under acidic conditions to produce glycolic acid. This method has the advantages of easy availability of raw materials and high yield, but the activity and selectivity of the catalyst have a great influence on the reaction, so it is necessary to choose a suitable catalyst.

4. Biological
Biological method is a method of producing glycolic acid by microbial fermentation. Through screening and cultivation of microorganisms that can produce glycolic acid, glucose, sucrose and other carbon sources as substrates, fermentation production. Biological method has the advantages of environmental protection and energy saving, but the fermentation process is affected by many factors, such as strain performance, fermentation conditions, etc., and the fermentation process needs to be optimized to improve production efficiency.

summary There are many manufacturing methods of
glycolic acid, including chloroacetic acid method, glyoxal method, ethylene oxidation method and biological method. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages, and the appropriate method should be selected according to the actual production needs and conditions. With the continuous progress of science and technology, the manufacturing method of glycolic acid will be more environmentally friendly and efficient in the future. By studying and improving the existing process, improving the utilization rate of raw materials and reducing waste emissions, it is helpful to promote the green and sustainable development of glycolic acid production.

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