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[Chemical Knowledge]：Production and manufacturing method and process flow of thioglycolic acid

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The manufacturing method
of thioglycolic acid
thioglycolic acid (Mercaptoacetic acid, referred to as TGA) is a kind of containing thiol (-SH) and carboxyl (-COOH) organic compounds, widely used in medicine, pesticides, cosmetics and other fields. In the field of chemical production of raw materials, thioglycolic acid manufacturing methods are mainly the following:

1. acetaldehyde
acetaldehyde method is the main method of producing thioglycolic acid, the reaction principle is under alkaline conditions, acetaldehyde and hydrogen sulfuric acid addition reaction to generate thioglycolic acid salt, and then by acidification to thioglycolic acid. The specific steps are as follows:
(1) mixing acetaldehyde with sodium hydroxide solution to generate sodium acetaldehyde.
(2) hydrogen sulfuric acid gas is introduced into the sodium acetaldehyde solution, and the pH value is controlled between 8 and 9, and sodium thioglycolate is generated by the reaction.
(3) The sodium thioglycolate solution is acidified with sulfuric acid to obtain thioglycolic acid.
the process is mature and the operation is simple, a large amount of waste water and waste gas will be produced in the production process, which will cause certain pollution to the environment.

2. Acrylate method
Acrylate method is a relatively novel thioglycolic acid manufacturing method. Its reaction principle is to generate thioglycolic acid by reacting acrylate with hydrogen sulfide gas. The specific steps are as follows:
(1) mixing acrylate with sodium hydroxide solution to generate sodium acrylate.
(2) hydrogen sulfide gas is introduced into the sodium acrylate solution to react to generate sodium thioglycolate.
(3) The sodium thioglycolate solution was acidified with sulfuric acid to obtain thioglycolic acid.
this method has the advantages of easy availability of raw materials, mild reaction conditions and environmental friendliness, the flow and concentration of hydrogen sulfide gas need to be strictly controlled in the production process to ensure safe production.

3. Ethanol method
Ethanol method is a traditional method for the manufacture of thioglycolic acid. Its reaction principle is to generate sodium thioglycolate by the reaction of ethanol with sodium hydrosulfide, which is then acidified to obtain thioglycolic acid. The specific steps are as follows:
Ethanol is mixed with a sodium hydrosulfide solution to react to generate sodium thioglycolate and hydrogen.
(2) The sodium thioglycolate solution is acidified with sulfuric acid to obtain thioglycolic acid.
the method is simple to operate, a large amount of waste gas and waste water will be produced during the production process, and the reaction temperature and pH value need to be strictly controlled to ensure the quality and yield of the product.

In short, there are many manufacturing methods of thioglycolic acid, and different methods have different advantages and disadvantages and scope of application. When choosing a manufacturing method, it is necessary to comprehensively consider factors such as raw material cost, environmental protection, and safe production according to the actual situation, and choose the most suitable manufacturing method.

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