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[Chemical Knowledge]：Production and manufacturing method and process of palm alcohol

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Manufacturing methods

of palmitol Palmitol is an important raw material for chemical production, which is widely used in cosmetics, food additives, plastics and biodiesel. This article will introduce the manufacturing method of palm alcohol, including its raw materials, process flow, reaction principle, equipment, operation steps, control methods and possible three waste treatment and comprehensive utilization.

1. raw material

the main raw material of palm alcohol is palm oil, palm oil is extracted from the oil palm fruit, the main component is triglyceride, which contains a large number of palmitic acid and oleic acid.

2. Process
The manufacturing process of
palm alcohol mainly includes three steps: transesterification reaction, distillation separation and purification.

1. Transesterification: Palm oil is transesterified with methanol to produce methyl palmitate and glycerol.
2. Distillation: Methyl palmitate and glycerol were separated by distillation.
3. Refining: The methyl palmitate is refined to obtain pure palmitol.

3. reaction principle

transesterification reaction is a reversible reaction, the reaction principle is as follows:

palm oil (triglyceride) methanol → methyl palmitate glycerol

The reaction requires the presence of a catalyst, generally using alkaline catalysts, such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. During the transesterification reaction, the fatty acid ester in the triglyceride is exchanged with the hydroxyl group in the methanol to produce methyl palmitate and glycerol.

4. equipment

The production of palm alcohol requires the use of transesterification reactors, distillation columns, refining tanks, pumps, valves and other equipment.

5. Operation Steps

1. Add palm oil and methanol into a transesterification reactor according to a certain proportion, and add an appropriate amount of catalyst.
2. The transesterification reaction is carried out at a certain temperature and pressure, and the reaction time is generally 2-4 hours.
3. After completion of the reaction, the reaction solution is sent to a distillation column for distillation separation to obtain methyl palmitate and glycerol.
4. Purify methyl palmitate to remove impurities and obtain pure palm alcohol.

6. control method

In order to ensure the quality and yield of palm alcohol, it is necessary to control the production process comprehensively. The following are some of the main control methods:

1. Control the temperature and pressure of the transesterification reaction to ensure the smooth progress of the reaction.
2. Control the amount and type of catalyst to improve the selectivity and efficiency of the reaction.
3. The distillation separation process is monitored to ensure the separation of methyl palmitate and glycerol.
4. Control the refining process to ensure the purity and yield of palm alcohol.

7. possible three wastes treatment and comprehensive utilization

three wastes that may be produced in the process of palm alcohol production include waste water, waste gas and waste residue. For these wastes, it is necessary to carry out reasonable treatment and utilization to reduce the impact on the environment. The following are some possible treatment methods:

1. Wastewater: The wastewater generated during the production process can be subjected to biochemical treatment or chemical treatment, and discharged or recycled after reaching the discharge standard.
2. Exhaust gas: The exhaust gas generated in the production process can be burned or absorbed to reduce the impact on the atmospheric environment.
3. Waste residue: The waste residue produced in the production process can be comprehensively utilized, such as as fuel or raw materials for the production of other chemical products.

In short, the manufacturing method of palm alcohol needs to take into account many aspects such as raw materials, process flow, reaction principle, equipment, operation steps and control methods, and at the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the management of three wastes treatment and comprehensive utilization to ensure the smooth production and environmental safety.

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