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[Chemical Knowledge]：Production and manufacturing method and process flow of nitrobenzene

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of Nitrobenzene Manufacturing Methods
Nitrobenzene is an important chemical raw material, widely used in dyes, pharmaceuticals, pesticides and other fields. This paper will introduce the manufacturing methods of nitrobenzene, including mixed acid nitration method, atmospheric pressure intermittent nitration method, pressurized continuous nitration method.

1. mixed acid nitration method

mixed acid nitration method is a common nitrobenzene manufacturing method, the process is as follows:

1 ingredients: benzene, concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid according to a certain proportion of ingredients, the general use of benzene and mixed acid mass ratio of 1:0.7~0.8.
2. preparation of mixed acid: mixed concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid to prepare mixed acid.
3. Nitration reaction: the ingredients are added to the nitrification reactor, and the nitrification reaction is carried out at a certain temperature and pressure to generate a mixture of nitrobenzene and water.
4. Separation: The nitrobenzene and water mixture is separated to obtain the nitrobenzene product. The advantages of

mixed acid nitration method are simple process and convenient operation, but the disadvantage is that more waste acid is produced in the production process and needs to be treated.

2. Atmospheric Intermittent Nitration

Atmospheric Intermittent Nitration is a more traditional nitrobenzene manufacturing method, the process is as follows:

1. ingredients: benzene, concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid according to a certain proportion of ingredients.
2. Nitrification reaction: the ingredients are added to the nitrification reactor and heated to a certain temperature under normal pressure to carry out the nitrification reaction.
3. Cooling crystallization: The reaction solution is cooled to a certain temperature to precipitate nitrobenzene crystals.
4. Filtration Washing: The nitrobenzene crystals were filtered off and washed with water.
5. Drying: The nitrobenzene crystals were dried to obtain the nitrobenzene product. The advantages of

atmospheric pressure intermittent nitration method are simple operation and less investment, but the disadvantage is that the production efficiency is low and a lot of manual operation is required.

3. pressurized continuous nitration method

pressurized continuous nitration method is a modern nitrobenzene manufacturing method, its process is as follows:

1. ingredients: benzene, concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid according to a certain proportion of ingredients.
2. preparation of mixed acid: mixed concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid to prepare mixed acid.
3. Pressurized nitration: the ingredients and mixed acid are added into a pressurized nitration reactor, and the nitration reaction is carried out under certain pressure and temperature.
4. Separation: The reaction solution was separated to obtain a mixture of nitrobenzene and water.
5. Rectification: Through rectification treatment, the mixture of nitrobenzene and water is separated to obtain pure nitrobenzene product. The advantages of

pressurized continuous nitration method are high production efficiency, stable product quality, and automatic production, but the disadvantage is high equipment investment.

4. other manufacturing methods

In addition to the above three methods, there are some other nitrobenzene manufacturing methods, such as gas phase nitration method, electrolytic nitration method, etc. The process flow and advantages and disadvantages of these methods are different, and the suitable method can be selected according to the specific production needs and conditions.

In short, there are many manufacturing methods of nitrobenzene, and different methods have different process flows and advantages and disadvantages. When choosing a manufacturing method, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the specific production requirements and conditions to select the appropriate method. At the same time, it is necessary to pay attention to safety, environmental protection and quality control issues in the production process to ensure product quality and production safety.

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