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[Chemical Knowledge]：Production and manufacturing method and process flow of hydroquinone

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Hydroquinone, also known as hydroquinone, is an important organic chemical raw material, widely used in medicine, dyes, antioxidants, photographic chemicals and other fields. Next, the method for producing hydroquinone will be described in detail.

1. Phenol oxidation

Phenol oxidation is the main method for the production of hydroquinone, and its process includes phenol oxidation, crystallization, centrifugal separation, drying and other steps.

1. phenol oxidation
phenol and oxidizing agents (such as hydrogen peroxide, air, etc.) under acidic conditions, the reaction of hydroquinone. The commonly used oxidizing agent is hydrogen peroxide, the reaction temperature is controlled at 50-70 ° C., and the reaction time is 2-4 hours. In order to ensure the progress of the reaction, it is necessary to control a certain pH value, and acidic substances such as sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid are generally added.

2. Crystallization
After completion of the reaction, the reaction solution was cooled to 10-15 ° C. to precipitate hydroquinone crystals. During the crystallization process, the cooling speed and stirring speed should be controlled to obtain larger crystal particles.

3. Centrifugation
After completion of crystallization, the crystals were separated from the mother liquor by a centrifuge to obtain crude hydroquinone.

4. Drying
The crude product is dried in a vacuum oven to obtain a hydroquinone product with high purity.

2. Aniline method

Aniline method is a method of preparing hydroquinone by oxidation and hydrolysis of aniline. Specific steps are as follows:

1. aniline oxidation
aniline and oxidizing agent (such as nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide etc.) are reacted to generate aniline nitrogen oxide.

2. Hydrolysis
Aniline nitrogen oxides are hydrolyzed under acidic conditions to produce hydroquinone. The pH and temperature should be controlled during the hydrolysis process to promote the reaction.

3. crystallization and separation
After the hydrolysis is completed, the hydroquinone product is obtained by cooling crystallization, centrifugal separation and other steps.

3. other methods

In addition to the above two methods, there are some other methods can be made of hydroquinone, such as:

1. Benzoic acid method: hydroquinone is obtained by oxidation of benzoic acid with hydrogen peroxide.
2. Benzaldehyde method: through the addition reaction of benzaldehyde and hydrogen under the action of catalyst, and then through oxidation, hydrolysis and other steps to produce hydroquinone.

above is several manufacturing methods of hydroquinone, different methods have their own advantages and disadvantages, according to the actual situation to choose the appropriate method for production. No matter which method is used, the reaction conditions need to be strictly controlled to ensure product quality and production safety.

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