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[Chemical Knowledge]：The production and manufacturing methods and processes of additives.

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The manufacturing method
of additives in the field of chemical production raw materials
1. Introduction

In the production of chemical products, the role of additives cannot be ignored. They can improve production processes, improve product quality, give products special properties, and save resources and energy. This article will detail several common additives manufacturing methods, including surfactants, catalysts, antioxidants and flame retardants.

2. surfactant

1. sulfuric acid ester salt method: the use of sulfuric acid and alcohol reaction, the generation of sulfuric acid ester, and then with alkali neutralization, the generation of sulfuric acid ester salt. This method is simple in process and low in cost, but it is difficult to dispose of waste liquid.
2. Sulfonation method: Sulfonating agent reacts with petroleum hydrocarbon to generate sulfonate. The raw materials of this method are easy to obtain, but the reaction conditions are harsh and require high temperature and high pressure.

3. catalyst

1. precipitation method: the metal salt solution and precipitant reaction, the formation of precipitate, after drying, calcination catalyst. This method is simple, but the product has a wide particle size distribution.
2. Sol-gel method: the metal salt solution is mixed with an organic or inorganic compound to form a sol, which is gelated, dried and calcined to obtain the catalyst. This method can prepare a catalyst with high specific surface area and high activity.

4. antioxidants

1. phenolic antioxidants: phenol and aldehydes through the reaction, the generation of phenolic resin, and then by sulfonation, neutralization and other steps, phenolic antioxidants. This method is easy to get raw materials, but the process is cumbersome.
2. amine antioxidant: through the reaction of amine and ketone or aldehyde to generate Schiff base, and then through the reduction, purification and other steps, the amine antioxidant. The reaction conditions of this method are mild, but the purity of the product is higher.

5. flame retardant

1. phosphorus flame retardant: through the reaction of phosphoric acid with alcohols or amines to generate phosphate or phosphoramide, and then refined flame retardant. The raw materials of this method are easy to obtain, but the waste liquid treatment is difficult.
2. Nitrogen-based flame retardant: A nitrogen-phosphorus-based flame retardant is produced by reacting melamine with an acid anhydride or phosphoric acid. This method has excellent product performance, but high cost.

6. conclusion The manufacturing methods of additives in the field of raw materials for the production of

chemicals are varied, and the appropriate manufacturing methods should be selected according to the product performance requirements, raw material costs, environmental protection requirements and other factors. At the same time, with the continuous progress and innovation of science and technology, new additive manufacturing methods will continue to emerge, bringing more choices and possibilities for chemical production.

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