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[Chemical Knowledge]：The production and manufacturing method and process of fatty alcohol.

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Manufacturing method
of fatty alcohol
fatty alcohol is a kind of important chemical raw material, which is widely used in detergent, surfactant, plastic, perfume, medicine and other fields. This article will introduce the manufacturing methods of fatty alcohols, including natural oil method, synthetic method and biological method.

1. natural oil method

natural oil method is a commonly used fatty alcohol manufacturing method, mainly using animal and vegetable oils as raw materials, through saponification, acid solution, distillation and other process steps to prepare fatty alcohol. The specific steps are as follows:

1. Saponification: Animal and vegetable fats and oils are mixed with sodium hydroxide aqueous solution and heated to generate soap and glycerin.
2. Acidolysis: Soap is decomposed into fatty acid salts with an acidic solution such as sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid.
3. Distillation: The fatty acid salt is distilled to obtain a crude fatty alcohol. The advantages of

natural oil method are that the raw materials are easily available, the process is mature, and the cost is low; but the disadvantage is that the production process will produce a lot of wastewater and waste, and the environmental protection pressure is greater.

2. synthesis method

synthesis method is a method of preparing fatty alcohol by chemical synthesis method, mainly including aldehyde alcohol method, olefin oxidation method and so on.

1. Aldehyde alcohol method: using ethylene, propylene and other olefins as raw materials, fatty alcohols are prepared by hydroformylation, hydrogenation and other reactions. The specific steps are as follows:
(1) hydroformylation: reacting olefins with synthesis gas (CO and H2) under the action of a catalyst to generate aldehydes.
(2) Hydrogenation: The aldehyde and hydrogen are hydrogenated under the action of a catalyst to generate the corresponding aliphatic alcohol.

aldol method has the advantages of readily available raw materials and high product purity, but has the disadvantages of long process flow and high energy consumption.

2. Olefin oxidation method: using olefin as raw material, fatty alcohol is directly prepared by oxidation reaction. The specific steps are as follows:
(1) Olefin oxidation: an olefin is oxidized with oxygen under the action of a catalyst to generate a corresponding aliphatic aldehyde or ketone.
(2) Hydrogenation: The aliphatic aldehyde or ketone is hydrogenated with hydrogen under the action of a catalyst to generate the corresponding aliphatic alcohol. The advantages of

olefin oxidation method are short process flow and high product purity, but the disadvantage is that the catalyst cost is high and needs to be replaced regularly.

3. biological method

biological method is a method of producing fatty alcohol by microbial fermentation, mainly using biomass as raw material, through the metabolism of microorganisms to convert biomass into fatty alcohol. The specific steps are as follows:

1. strain breeding: breeding can produce fatty alcohol microbial strains.
2. Fermentation: A microbial strain is inoculated into a biomass-containing medium for fermentation to produce a fatty alcohol.
3. Separation and purification: The fatty alcohol is separated and purified from the fermentation broth by distillation, extraction and other processes.
The advantages of the
biological method are a wide range of raw materials, renewable, and low environmental pressure; but the disadvantages are low yield and high cost, which need to be further improved and optimized.

To sum up, the manufacturing methods of fatty alcohols mainly include natural oil method, synthetic method and biological method. Different methods have their own advantages and disadvantages, and the appropriate method should be selected according to the actual situation. At the same time, with the continuous improvement of environmental awareness and technological progress, biological method will become an important development direction of fatty alcohol manufacturing in the future.

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