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[Chemical Knowledge]：Manufacturing method and process flow of acrylonitrile

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Manufacturing method
of acrylonitrile
1. Introduction

Acrylonitrile is an important organic chemical raw material, widely used in synthetic fibers, plastics, rubber and other fields. With the continuous development of science and technology, the manufacturing method of acrylonitrile is also constantly improved and optimized. This article will introduce the manufacturing methods of acrylonitrile, including the choice of catalyst, the control of reaction conditions, the separation and purification of the product.

2. of acrylonitrile manufacturing method

1. cyanidation

cyanidation is one of the main methods of the production of acrylonitrile, the method of propylene, ammonia and hydrogen cyanide as raw materials, in the role of catalyst, cyanidation reaction to produce acrylonitrile. The choice of catalyst has a great influence on the reaction, and the commonly used catalysts are sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and so on. Reaction temperature, pressure, material ratio, etc. will also affect the reaction and product selectivity. The advantages of the cyanidation method are that the raw materials are readily available and the reaction conditions are relatively mild, but the waste liquid produced contains toxic substances such as hydrocyanic acid and needs to be properly disposed.

2. acetylene method

acetylene method is acetylene, ammonia and oxygen as raw materials, through the oxidation reaction of acrylonitrile. This method needs to be carried out at high temperature and high pressure, and also needs to use a noble metal catalyst, so the production cost is high. The advantage of the acetylene method is that it can avoid the use of toxic substances such as hydrocyanic acid, but the reaction conditions are more harsh, and the reaction temperature and pressure need to be strictly controlled.

3. Acrylamide Method

The acrylamide method is a method in which acrylamide is used as a raw material to produce acrylonitrile by a dehydration cyclization reaction. The process needs to be carried out at high temperatures and requires the use of acidic catalysts. The advantages of the acrylamide method are that the raw materials are readily available and the reaction conditions are relatively simple, but the waste liquid produced contains acidic substances and needs to be neutralized.

3.

In the manufacture of acrylonitrile, the control of reaction conditions has an important influence on the selectivity and yield of the product. Temperature, pressure, material ratio, catalyst type and dosage are all factors that need to be strictly controlled. In addition, the type and structure of the reactor will also affect the reaction, and it is necessary to select a suitable reactor according to different manufacturing methods and reaction characteristics. Separation and purification of

4. product
In the process of manufacturing
acrylonitrile, the product often contains unreacted raw materials, by-products and other impurities, which need to be separated and purified. Commonly used separation methods are distillation, extraction, crystallization, etc., it is necessary to select the appropriate separation method according to the nature of the product and the characteristics of impurities. At the same time, in order to ensure the quality and purity of the product, the separated product needs to be further purified.

5. Conclusion

Acrylonitrile is an important organic chemical raw material. There are many manufacturing methods, including cyanide, acetylene, acrylamide and so on. In the manufacturing process, it is necessary to strictly control the reaction conditions, select the appropriate catalyst and reactor, and separate and purify the product. Different manufacturing methods have their own advantages and disadvantages, and it is necessary to choose the appropriate method according to the actual situation. With the continuous development of science and technology, the manufacturing method of acrylonitrile is also constantly improved and optimized, and more new technologies and new methods will be used in the manufacture of acrylonitrile in the future.

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